Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ed's Hopper > DNA II > Flashcards

DNA II Flashcards

Learn the basic terms and processes connected to genetics.

1
Q

What is DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is the hereditary materials in humans and all other organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are Chromosomes?

A

Chromosomes are thin thread-like structures of DNA wrapped many times around histones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are genes?

A

Genes are basic units of heredity. They pass certain traits into the following generations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is DNA located within the cell?

A

DNA is mostly located in the nucleus of the cell. Although some DNA resides in the mitocondria, and/or the chloroplast within plant cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How are the hereditary materials stored in the DNA?

A

DNA is stored in a sequenced code of only four base chemicals: adenine, cytosine, thymine, guanine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Approximately, what percentage of human DNA is common to all the human family?

A

About 99% of the DNA is shared by every human being.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a base pair?

A

A base pair is a coupling of two DNA base chemicals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What holds the base pair together in DNA structure?

A

Base pairs are held in place within the structure of DNA by sugars and phosphates that bind to the DNA chemicals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What holds the base pair in place within the DNA structure?

A

The base pair held by the sugar and phosphate cells are called nucleotides?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the structure of DNA called?

A

The DNA structure is called the “Double Helix”, it remembles a spiral staircase or a twisted ladder. The base pairs would be like the rungs of the ladder, while the sugar and phosphare forms the vertical structure of the ladder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most important property of DNA?

A

The property of self-replication. DNA can copy itself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the DNA do during cell replication?

A

DNA makes an exact copy of itself for the new cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When can chromosomes be seen under a microscope?

A

Chromosomes can only be seen during cell division when they become more tightly wound. Otherwise, they are invisible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the structure of chromosomes?

A

Chromosomes are two “arms”, one longer, and one shorter, connected at a point called centromere. The long arm is called the “p” arm and the short is called the “q” arm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Of what are genes made?

A

Genes are made of DNA, and they can vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million DNA bases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many genes on average does a human have?

A

Humans have between 20,000 to 25,000 genes within them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How are genes passed on?

A

During reproduction, two sets of genes, one from the mother and one from the father come together to form the new gene strain– passing on the traits of both parents.

18
Q

What part of the gene is responsible for differences in the traits of the offspring of two parents?

A

.Alelles are slight differences with DNA that determine the specific trait within the genes?

19
Q

What would be an alelles within the genes carrying eye color coding?

A

The alelles would specify the particular color.

20
Q

What is the other kind of nucleic acid found within the cell?

A

The other kind of nucleic acid is RNA.

21
Q

What does RNA do in the cell?

A

RNA takes genetic information from the DNA to form proteins necessary for the organism, like enzymes.

22
Q

Of what chemicals are RNA made?

A

RNA are made of ribose and uracil.

23
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Mitosis is the process for reproducing somatic (non-sex) cells.

24
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Meiosis is a the process for producing of sex cells, (gametes, either sperm or egg)

25
Q

What kinds of cells are produced in mitosis?

A

Mitosis produces two daughter cells out of one cell.

26
Q

What part of the cell is indentically duplicated in mitosis?

A

Two nuclei are produced in mitosis.

27
Q

What is the first phase of mitosis?

A

The Prophase in which Chromatin condenses in chromosomes. Nuclear envelope disappears.

28
Q

What is the 2nd stage of Mitosis?

A

The 2nd stage is Metaphase in which Chromosomes align at opposite ends of the cell.

29
Q

What is the 3rd stage of Mitosis?

A

The 3rd stage of Mitosis is Anaphase in which the sister chromatids separate. Centromeres divide apart.

30
Q

What is the 4th phase of mitosis?

A

The 4th phase is called the Telephase in which Chromatin expands and Cytoplasm divides.

31
Q

What is a haploid?

A

A haploid contains one complete set of chromosomes. Gametes are haploid cells produced within meiosis.

32
Q

What is a diploid?

A

Diploids are somatic cells that have two complete sets of chromosomes.

33
Q

What are daughter cells?

A

Daughter cells are the replicated offspring of cell division, either mitosis or meiosis.

34
Q

What are the centrioles?

A

Centrioles are self replicating organelles tubelike structures within cytoplasm. They generate the cells cytoskeleton or structure of the cell.

35
Q

What are Spindle fibers?

A

Spindle fibers guide chromosomes into position during mitosis and meiosis.

36
Q

What are Centromeres?

A

Centromeres are the center point of the chromosomes. It’s the point that the chromosomes break during cell division.

37
Q

What is a Karyotype?

A

Karyotype is a categorization of chromosomes based on number and appearance.

38
Q

What is mutation?

A

Mutation are differences in the DNA that occur during Meiosis and mitosis. They are permanent changes in an organism.

39
Q

What are Gametes?

A

Gametes are sex cells, either sperm or egg created in meiosis.

40
Q

What are somatic cells?

A

Somatic cells are the cells replicated in the process of mitosis.

41
Q

What are chromatids?

A

Chromatids are one half of the replicated chromosomes. When joined by the centromere they are called sister chromatids. When separated, they are referred to as daughter chromatids. One their way to becoming daughter cells.

Ed's Hopper (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions