dna/genetics Flashcards
when two copies of the original DNA molecule are produced, each copy conserving (replicating) the information from one half of the original DNA molceule
semi-conservative replication
an enzyme which binds nucleotides together resulting in two complete molecules of DNA each like the original double strand
DNA Polymerase
an enzyme which binds to the DNA molecule and unzips the DNA
helicase
binds fragments together
ligase
information flows from DNA in order to make protein: it CANNOT work backwards
central dogma (francis crick)
a piece of DNA that provides instruction for a cell to make a certain protein
gene
the process of copying a sequence of DNA into an intermediate molecule called mRNA or messenger RNA
transcription
when the mRNA message is converted into a polypeptide
translation
mRNA
messenger RNA (copy of DNA strand)
tRNA
transports RNA (transports amino acids)
rRNA
ribosomes (makes proteins)
what replaces thymine in RNA?
uracil
a 3 nucleotide mRNA sequence that codes for an amino acid
codon
the process by which the nucleotide sequence of a gene directs protein synthesis
gene expression
a region of DNA that includes a promoter, an operator, and genes
operon
