DNA, Genes & Chromosomes Flashcards
What is DNA?
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is in the nucleus of all cells and carries genetic information.
Do all body cells have the same DNA?
Yes, all your body cells have the same DNA.
What is DNA made of?
DNA is made of nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base).
What shape does DNA have?
DNA has a double helix shape (twisted ladder).
How do the strands of DNA run?
The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions (anti-parallel).
What are the base pairing rules in DNA?
A pairs with T and C pairs with G.
What do the base pairs in DNA represent?
These base pairs make the ‘rungs’ of the DNA ladder.
What is a gene?
A gene is a section of DNA that controls a trait.
What are chromosomes?
Chromosomes are tightly packed DNA.
What do DNA and histones do?
DNA wraps around proteins called histones.
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
What are traits?
Traits (like eye color) come from genes.
What are variations in traits?
Different versions of a trait are called variations.
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Your genotype = your genetic code, Phenotype = how it shows up physically.
