DNA, genes and protein synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a gene?

A

A section of DNA that contains the coded information for making polypeptides and functional RNA.

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2
Q

Name three features of genetic code.

A
  • Degenerate,
  • Non-overlapping,
  • Universal.
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3
Q

Describe the DNA in prokaryotic cells.

A

Shorter, found in circles, not associated with histones.

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4
Q

Describe the DNA in a eukaryotic cell.

A

Longer, linear, associated with histones.

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5
Q

What is the diploid number in humans?

A

46

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6
Q

What is an allele?

A

One of a number of alternative forms of a gene.

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7
Q

What is a codon?

A

Sequence of 3 bases on mRNA what codes for a single amino acid

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8
Q

What is a genome?

A

The complete set of genes in a cell.

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9
Q

What is a proteome?

A

The full range of proteins produced by the genome.

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10
Q

How is the structure of mRNA suited to its function?

A

Possesses information in the form of codons. The sequence of codons determines the amino acid sequence of a specific polypeptide.

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11
Q

Describe the structure of tRNA.

A

Single stranded chain folded into a clover shape. The end of the chain is where the amino acid attached. The opposite end hold the anti-codon for binding to mRNA.

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12
Q

What enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between bases to expose them in a specific region of DNA?

A

DNA helicase.

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13
Q

What enzyme forms a phosphodiester bond between the free nuceotides forming the pre-mRNA?

A

DNA polymerase.

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14
Q

What does the ribosome do in translation?

A

Moves along the mRNA, bringing together two tRNA molecules at any one time.

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