DNA genes and chromosomes Flashcards
Evaluate the DNA in Eukaryotic cells with DNA in Prokaryotic cells
+Neucleotide structure is the same as deoxyribose attached to phosphate and a base
+Adjacent nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds
+DNA in mitochondria and chloroplast have a similar structure to DNA in prokaryotes
-Eukaryotic DNA is longer
-Eukaryotic DNA is linear whereas DNA is circular
-Eukaryotic DNA is associated with histone proteins whereas Prokaryotic DNA is not
what is a chromosome?
A chromosome is a long, linear DNA and is associated with histone proteins, and is located in the nucleus of Eukaryotic cells
what is a gene?
A sequence of DNA bases that code for amino acids of a polypeptide and functional RNA
what does Triplet code mean?
A sequence of 3 DNA bases called a Triplet which code for specific amino acids
what does the term Universal mean in relation to genetic code?
The same base triplets code for the same amino acids in all organisms
what does Non-overlapping mean?
Each base is part of only one Triplet so each Triplet is read as a discrete unit
what does degenerate mean?
An amino acid can be coded for by more than one base Triplet
what are non-coding base sequences and where are they found?
non-coding base sequences are DNA that does not code for amino acid sequence and are found between genes and within genes (introns)
what are introns?
Base sequence of a gene that does not code for amino acids in Eukaryotic cells
what are exons?
Base sequence of a gene coding for amino acid sequence in a polypeptide
