DNA, chromosomes and mutations

Question 1

DNA structure

Answer 1

a double helix formed from two complementary strands of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds.

Question 2

DNA composition

Answer 2

They are composed of nucleotides
a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.

Question 3

DNA function

Answer 3

It carriesgeneticinstructions for the development, functioning, growth andreproductionof all eukaryoticorganisms.

Question 4

Complimentory principle of DNA

Answer 4

Nucleobases are complementary: adenine always binds to thymine and guanine – to cytosine.
A-T C-G.

Question 5

DNA replication

Answer 5

the process by which the genome’s DNA is copied in cells.

Question 6

What happens in DNA replication

Answer 6

A double helix of DNA opens, and complementary bases make pairs. The strand is primed and assembled into a new DNA segment.

Question 7

Prophase

Answer 7

the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells.

Question 8

Metaphase

Answer 8

the nucleus dissolves and the cell’s chromosomes condense and move together, aligning in the center of the dividing cell.

Question 9

Anaphase

Answer 9

the sister chromatids break apart, and the chromosomes begin moving to opposite ends of the cell

Question 10

Telophase

Answer 10

the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells.

Question 11

Types of chromosomes and what they determine

Answer 11

Body-how you look
Sex-gender

Question 12

Helicase

Answer 12

an enzyme that unwinds the double-stranded DNA molecule by breaking hydrogen bands

Question 13

Polymerase

Answer 13

an enzyme that creates DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides, building blocks of DNA

Question 14

How many cell pairs and cells do humans have?

Answer 14

cell pairs - 23
cells - 46

Question 15

Physical mutagens

Answer 15

radiation, ultraviolet light

Question 16

Chemical mutagens

Answer 16

canceroragens, preservatives

Question 17

biological mutagens

Answer 17

bacteria, virus

Question 18

Cause of Down syndrome

Answer 18

Caused by the third copy of chromosome 21

Question 19

Down syndrome symptoms

Answer 19

Causes physical growthdelays, mild to moderateintellectual disability, and characteristicfacial features.

Question 20

What is a mutation

Answer 20

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell

Question 21

Mutation examples

Answer 21

Cancer, Diabetes, Obesity, Alzheimer’s Disease.

Question 22

Consequences of mutation

Answer 22

genetic disorders or cancer

Question 23

Polyploidy

Answer 23

the heritable condition of possessing more than two complete sets of chromosomes.

Question 24

Genetic variation purpose

Answer 24

enables some organisms to survive better than others in the environment in which they live.

Question 25

Can mutations be inherited?

Answer 25

Yes, if the mutation is in the genital organs