DNA/ Cell to learn

Question 1

Stages of interphase

Answer 1

G1- growth
S- DNA synthesis
G2- growth and preparation for mitosis

Question 2

What happens during interphase

Answer 2

Store of ATP synthesised
DNA replication
Replication of cell organelles
Growth of cell

Question 3

Structure of chromosome during prophase

Answer 3

Two sister chromatids joined at centre with centromere

Question 4

What happens during prophase

Answer 4

DNA condense onto his tones

Question 5

What happens during metaphase

Answer 5

Centromeres attach to spindle fibres
Chromosomes line up down equator of the cell

Question 6

What happens during anaphase

Answer 6

Spindle fibres pull chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell

Question 7

Why are cells taken from the root tip when trying to observe cell division?

Answer 7

The cell root tip contains meristem which is constantly is undergoing mitosis

Question 8

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

Answer 8

Joins nucleotides together
Reduces the activation energy needed to form phosphodiester bonds which join together adjacent nucleotides

Question 9

Process of DNA replication

Answer 9

Double helix unwinds and the enzyme DNA helicase unzips the strand by breaking the hydrogen bonds between bases
New bases diffuse to the template strand and pair to the unpaired bases (complementary base pairing) hydrogen bonds form between bases
Formation of phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides catalysed by DNA polymerase

Question 10

Differences between DNA in eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells

Answer 10

P DNA is shorter, E DNA is longer
P DNA is circular, E DNA is linear
P DNA has no proteins, E DNA is condensed onto histone proteins