Cells- to learn Flashcards
What is the function of a lysosome?
Hydrolyses dead organelles or pathogens
What makes up murein
Protein, carbohydrates
What does murein make up?
The cell wall in bacteria
What is the cell wall in fungi made of?
Chitin
Features of prokaryotes that aren’t in eukaryotes
-capsule
-plasmids
-flagella
Name some structures found in viruses
-genetic material
-capsid
-attachment protein
Why does an electron microscope give a better resolution?
It has a shorter wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum
Why do cells under an electron microscope have to be dead?
A vacuum is needed
Cells must be dehydrated
How can components of a cell be separated in a lab?
-fractionation
-homogenate using a blender
-centrifuge
-filter
Why is an isotonic suspension needed when separating cell components?
To prevent osmosis
To prevent cell organelles bursting or shrinking
How is enzyme activity reduced when separating cell components?
Using an ice cold solution
How to Calculate the mean length using an eyepiece graticule
-place micrometer on the stage
-calibrate the graticule using stage micrometer
-measure length of random selection of cells using graticule
-calculate mean
Structure of a lysosome
-sac surrounded by single membrane
-proton pumps maintain acidic conditions
-contain hydrolytic enzyme called lysozyme
Structure of a ribosome
-made of RNA and protein
-free in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum
-composed of two subunits, one large and one small
Structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum
Network of flattened tubes and sacs known as cisternae
Ribosomes on the outer surface
