DNA And The Genome: Key Area 1.3 - Gene Expression Flashcards
What is Cell Genotype?
The genetic composition of a cell
What determines Cell Genotype?
By the sequence of bases in its genes
Are all genes expressed within a cell?
No, only a fraction of the genes in a cell are expressed
What controls gene expression?
The regulation of Transcription and Translation
Why is the order of bases in DNA important?
It determines the sequence of amino acids that are incorporated into the protein
Why is the sequence of amino acids in a protein important?
It determines the structure, shape and function of the protein used
Label an RNA Nucleotide
Top Left - Phosphate
Middle - Ribose Sugar
Right - Organic Base
What are the complementary RNA Bases?
Adenine - Uracil
Cytosine - Guanine
What is the role of mRNA?
It carries a copy of a section of the DNA code to a specific protein
What is the role of rRNA?
rRNA and proteins form a ribosome
What is the specific role of tRNA?
tRNA picks up specific amino acids in the cytoplasm and carry’s it to the ribosome
What is a mRNA Codon?
A triplet of bases on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid
What is mRNA Codon complementary to?
The triplet of bases on the original DNA Strand
How does tRNA fold up?
By hydrogen bonds forming between complementary bases
What is a tRNA anti-codon?
The opposite of mRNA: Every tRNA contains an anti-codon at one end which is complementary to a codon
What is the relationship between mRNA codons and tRNA anti-codons
mRNA codons are complementary to tRNA anticodons
Where is tRNA anti-codon found?
In the cytoplasm
How do mRNA codons and tRNA anti-codons translate the genetic code?
Through transcription and translation
State all the differences in RNA and DNA
RNA DNA
Number Of Strands: 1 2
Complementary base: Uracil Thymine
pairs (adenine)
Sugar present in: Ribose Deoxyribose
Nucleotide
What influences a Cells Phenotype?
By the Proteins it produces along with environmental factors that can influence the cell
What is the process called when different proteins are created by the same gene?
RNA Splicing
How are different mature mRNA transcripts produced?
Different Mature mRNA molecules are produced from the same transcript. This is dependent on which exons are retained during RNA Splicing.
How is the 3D shape of a protein formed?
Polypeptide chains fold to form three dimensional shape of a protein
What determines a proteins function?
Its Shape
