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Unit 1 - DNA And The Genome > DNA And The Genome: Key Area 1.3 - Gene Expression > Flashcards

DNA And The Genome: Key Area 1.3 - Gene Expression Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Cell Genotype?

A

The genetic composition of a cell

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2
Q

What determines Cell Genotype?

A

By the sequence of bases in its genes

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3
Q

Are all genes expressed within a cell?

A

No, only a fraction of the genes in a cell are expressed

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4
Q

What controls gene expression?

A

The regulation of Transcription and Translation

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5
Q

Why is the order of bases in DNA important?

A

It determines the sequence of amino acids that are incorporated into the protein

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6
Q

Why is the sequence of amino acids in a protein important?

A

It determines the structure, shape and function of the protein used

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7
Q

Label an RNA Nucleotide

A

Top Left - Phosphate
Middle - Ribose Sugar
Right - Organic Base

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8
Q

What are the complementary RNA Bases?

A

Adenine - Uracil

Cytosine - Guanine

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9
Q

What is the role of mRNA?

A

It carries a copy of a section of the DNA code to a specific protein

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10
Q

What is the role of rRNA?

A

rRNA and proteins form a ribosome

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11
Q

What is the specific role of tRNA?

A

tRNA picks up specific amino acids in the cytoplasm and carry’s it to the ribosome

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12
Q

What is a mRNA Codon?

A

A triplet of bases on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid

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13
Q

What is mRNA Codon complementary to?

A

The triplet of bases on the original DNA Strand

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14
Q

How does tRNA fold up?

A

By hydrogen bonds forming between complementary bases

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15
Q

What is a tRNA anti-codon?

A

The opposite of mRNA: Every tRNA contains an anti-codon at one end which is complementary to a codon

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16
Q

What is the relationship between mRNA codons and tRNA anti-codons

A

mRNA codons are complementary to tRNA anticodons

17
Q

Where is tRNA anti-codon found?

A

In the cytoplasm

18
Q

How do mRNA codons and tRNA anti-codons translate the genetic code?

A

Through transcription and translation

19
Q

State all the differences in RNA and DNA

A

RNA DNA
Number Of Strands: 1 2

Complementary base: Uracil Thymine
pairs (adenine)

Sugar present in: Ribose Deoxyribose
Nucleotide

20
Q

What influences a Cells Phenotype?

A

By the Proteins it produces along with environmental factors that can influence the cell

21
Q

What is the process called when different proteins are created by the same gene?

A

RNA Splicing

22
Q

How are different mature mRNA transcripts produced?

A

Different Mature mRNA molecules are produced from the same transcript. This is dependent on which exons are retained during RNA Splicing.

23
Q

How is the 3D shape of a protein formed?

A

Polypeptide chains fold to form three dimensional shape of a protein

24
Q

What determines a proteins function?

A

Its Shape

25
Q

What is meant by a cells phenotype?

A

A cells Phenotype is its Physical and Chemical State

Unit 1 - DNA And The Genome (5 decks)

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