DNA and species Flashcards
What is a way to describe DNA in two words
Double helix
What are the four bases
A,TG and C
Which base goes with T
A
Which base goes with G
C
What does the four bases create on the double helix
A rung
What are the rungs connected by
Two spines
What molecule is responsible for inheritance of characteristics?
DNA
Where in the cell will you find this molecule?
Nucleus
What is this molecule made of?
Nucleotides
What is a genes function?
They are a set of instructions of the person’s behaviour and traits.
Name the two cells that fuse at fertilisation
Egg and sperm
How many chromosomes would you expect to find in a human gamete cell
46
What word is used to describe these cells because of this?
Multicellular
How many chromosomes would you expect to find in a normal human body cell?
23
How many chromosomes would you expect to find in a normal human body cell?
Multicellular
What two chromosomes are responsible for genetic gender
X and Y
What combination of these two chromosomes would you expect in a female
XX
What combination of these two chromosomes would you expect in a male
XY
Name the two types of cell division and say when they occur
Mitosis- Making new body cells and occurs when more body cells are needed.
Meiosis- When a single cell divides into four then these are the sex cells
Explain why you have similarities to your parents, but you are not identical to them.
You get half of your genetic information from your mother and half from your father so you inherit features from both parents meaning you could not be identical to one of them.
Why do identical twins look identical?
Identical twins come from the same zygote but split in half meaning they both have the same genes.
Define drug
A medicine of substance which has a physiological effect when ingested or introduced to the body.
Define addiction
Compulsive physiological need for and use of a habit-forming substance
Define reaction time
The length of time taken for a person’s system to respond to a given stimulus or event.
Define cancer
An abnormal growth of cells which tend to increase rapidly in an uncontrollable way
Define carcinogen
Agents capable of initiating the development of tumors and causing cancer.
Suggest why people still smoke despite the harm it can cause them.
People still smoke because it becomes addictive so they find it very hard to give up once they have started.
Describe the short term effects of alcohol abuse
Slowed reaction time, reduces speed of pumping blood, opens up blood vessels, makes you feel warm, urinate more, extra fat in the liver
Describe the long term effects of alcohol abuse
Cancer, liver cells can die from too much fat, have a red nose from open blood vessels, death, heart disease/attack
Alcohol is a depressant. Describe the effect that alcohol might have on reaction time.
Alcohol causes the nervous system to carry impulses slower. This slows the reaction time and can cause brain damage.
Caffeine is a stimulant. Describe the effect that caffeine might have on reaction time
Caffeine causes the nervous system to carry impulses faster. This increases reaction time.
Describe a test you might carry out to find someone’s reaction time.
You could have a button to press when a sound goes off and the button times the reaction time of pressing the button.
Name the 5 kingdoms and state their key features
Fungi- Has a nucleus and cell wall is multicellular and unicellular (yeast)
Protoctista- Has a nucleus and cell wall some are multicellular but most are unicellular
Plants- Has a nucleus and cell wall is multicellular
Animals- Has a nucleus and no cell wall is multicellular
Prokaryotes Has no nucleus and no cell wall and is unicellular
