DNA AND RNA

Question 1

The 2 scientist that found out that DNA as a double helix

Answer 1

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 2

RNA

Answer 2

Ribonucleic acid

Question 3

—- uses the information from mRNA to make more proteins

Answer 3

translation

Question 4

where can you find anti codons?

Answer 4

on one end of tRNA

Question 5

—- used to carry genetic info from DNA to the ribosome

Answer 5

mRNA

Question 6

Jelly like structure in a cell

Answer 6

cytoplasm

Question 7

Genetic code

Answer 7

Corresponds to the nucleotide triplets which forms the amino acids which is the base of proteins

Question 8

what are the complementary pairs of codons?

Answer 8

anticodons

Question 9

what are codons made out of?

Answer 9

nitrogen bases

Question 10

triplets of nitrogen bases that code for amino acids are called?

Answer 10

codons

Question 11

Termination: Step 3 in translation

Answer 11

this is when the tRNA runs into the stop codon: UAA, UAG, UGA (none are amino acids). The ribosome attaches the last amino acid that will serve as the protein and it will be sent to the cytoplasm to undegro modification. Lastly, the ribosome breaks of the mRNA starnd.

Question 12

Initiation: S1 in protein synthesis

Answer 12

Enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to promoter (an area in the DNA) this signals the DNA to unwinds so that the enzyme can read its strands. RNA polymerase will make an mRNA strand.

Question 13

what do you call the arrangement of the DNA and RNA codes?

Answer 13

genes

Question 14

monomer of nucleic acids

Answer 14

nucleotide

Question 15

the process of using an existing DNA to make a new DNA

Answer 15

DNA replication

Question 16

making a new copy of DNA

Answer 16

replication

Question 17

what codon signals the start of translation?

Answer 17

AUG= methionine

Question 18

amino acid

Answer 18

basic unit of protein

Question 19

Order of DNA replication

Answer 19

• Helicase begins to break the hydrogen binds between nitrogen bases
• Free floating nucleotide pair up with the exposed nitrogen bases
• DNA polymerase attach the free floating nucleotides to the exposed nitrogen bases
• Two molecules of DNA are created
• Cell starts into the mitosis parts of the cell

Question 20

transcription occurs in the —-

Answer 20

nucleus

Question 21

where can you find codons?

Answer 21

the strand of the mRNA

Question 22

proteins are made in the —-

Answer 22

ribosome

Question 23

theory that genetic information flows in one direction from DNA to RNA to protein.

Answer 23

central dogma

Question 24

what are the 2 steps of protein synthesis

Answer 24

Initiation and Translation

Question 25

DNA

Answer 25

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 26

Initiation

Answer 26

the subunit of ribosome attaches to the 5 end of the RNA strand. in which the subunit reads the nucleotides in the mRNA in the groups of 3 (amino acids) until it reads AUG (methionine). After it reads this codon its recruits as large ribosomal subunit and tRNA (transfer RNA) it contains an area called anti codon which is complementary to the mRNA strand. tRNA also carries a specific amino acid.

Question 27

organelle that makes up the protein

Answer 27

ribosome

Question 28

---- uses DNA template to make an RNA or mRNA

Answer 28

transcription

Question 29

the main template for protein synthesis is the ---

Answer 29

DNA

Question 30

What are the 3 steps of translation/

Answer 30

initiation Elongation Termination

Question 31

what do you call the 2 stages of protein synthesis

Answer 31

transcription and translation

Question 32

Elongation: step 2 in translation

Answer 32

the complete ribosome with its large and small units travels along the mRNA and reads the codons. tRNAs matches the aniti codons to their respective codons. An amino acid is made coming out of the ribosome. elongation starts from 5 end of the mRNA to the 3 end.

Question 33

Transfer DNA

Answer 33

a small RNA molecule that helps translate genetic information into proteins

Question 34

how many nucleotides

Answer 34

4

Question 35

tRNA uses ---- to match the mRNA

Answer 35

anticodons

Question 36

the process of making proteins in a cell

Answer 36

protein synthesis

Question 37

if we are made in the same quantity of nucleotides in DNA and RNA as well as amino acids in proteins, why are we different?

Answer 37

bc the fundamental blocks mentioned are not arranged in the same order

Question 38

tRNA is used in the ---- of proteins

Answer 38

translation

Question 39

Messenger RNA

Answer 39

a single stranded molecule that carries genetic info from DNA to the cytoplasm of the cell

Question 40

what is the 3 pattern of information that occurs most frequently within our cell

Answer 40

DNA Replication transcription Translation

Question 41

the --- can move out the nucleus

Answer 41

RNA

Question 42

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 42

non-coding RNA that's a key part of ribosomes, which are cell structures that make proteins.

Question 43

The process of ----- converts DNA into ----

Answer 43

Transcription and mRNA

Question 44

Elongation: Step 2 of Protein synthesis

Answer 44

Nucleotides are added to the created mRNA strand. RNA polymerase will read the unwound DNA and continues to build the mRNA molecule using complementary base pairs

Question 45

a biomolecule

Answer 45

Nucleic acid

Question 46

Goodluck for your test!!

Answer 46

You can do it!!

Question 47

how many amino acids in proteinns?

Answer 47

20

Question 48

mRNA is made in the ----

Answer 48

nucleus