DNA and RNA

Question 1

Amino acid activating enzyme

Answer 1

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 2

Stop codons

Answer 2

UAA, UGA, UAG

Question 3

Purines

Answer 3

Adenine
Guanine

Question 4

Pyrimidine

Answer 4

Thymine
Cytosine

Question 5

Point mutation

Answer 5

Single base alteration

Transition if purine to purine / pyrimidine to pyrimidine

Transversion if purine to pyrimidine or vice verca

Question 6

Frame shift mutation

Answer 6

Shift in triplet reading frame

Question 7

In frame mutation

Answer 7

No disturbance in reading frame

Question 8

Silent mutation

Answer 8

No change to protein production

Question 9

Missense mutation

Answer 9

New mutant codon specifies for a different amino acid

Question 10

Nonsense mutation

Answer 10

Stop codon

Question 11

Translocation

Answer 11

Exchange of chunks of genetic material from one chromosome to another

Question 12

Robertsonian translocation

Answer 12

Non reciprocal

Single fused chromosome from 2 acrocentric chromosomes - trivial loss of genetic material - ‘balanced’ (when gametes are formed is unbalanced)