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Biology - Biological Molecules > DNA and RNA > Flashcards

DNA and RNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribose nucleic acid

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2
Q

What does DNA do?

A

Stores genetic infomation

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3
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

Ribonucleic acid

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4
Q

What does RNA do?

A

Transfer genetic information from DNA ribosomes

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5
Q

What makes up a nucleotide?

A

Phosphate
Pentose sugar
Base

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6
Q

What is the pentose sugar and bases in DNA?

A

Pentose sugar: deoxyribose
Base: A,T,G,C

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7
Q

What is the pentose sugar and bases in RNA?

A

Pentose sugar: ribose
Base: A,U,G,C

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8
Q

Name the 3 types of RNA

A

Messenger
Ribosomal
Transfer

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9
Q

Describe messenger RNA

A

Single stranded copy of a gene, which is produced through transcription and translation

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10
Q

Describe ribosomal RNA

A

Part of transcription. Decides what the structure of ribosomes will look like and it is responsible for catalytic activity

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11
Q

Describe transfer RNA

A

Part of transcription. Transfers amino acids to ribosomes and reads mRNA. Tertiary structure and hydrogen bonds

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12
Q

What is a polynucleotide?

A

Polymer of nucleotides

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13
Q

How are nucleotides joined together?

A

Via a condensation reaction between phosphate and sugar (sugar-phosphate back bone)

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14
Q

What bond is formed when nucleotides join together?

A

Phosphodiester bonds

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15
Q

What is the name of the structure when 2 polypeptides join together?

A

Double helix structure (hydrogen bonding)

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16
Q

Name the complementary base pairing and state how many hydrogen bonds join them

A

A and T = 2 bonds
C and G = 3 bonds

17
Q

What did Meselson and Stahl show?

A

They showed that DNA is replicated using the semi-conservative method

18
Q

Explain the semi-conservative method of DNA replication

A
  1. DNA helicase (enzyme) breaks the hydrogen bonds. The helix unwinds to form 2 single strands.
  2. Strand acts as template for complementary base pairing to occur. Free floating nucleotides are attracted to complementary exposed bases on template strand.
  3. A condensation reaction joins the nucleotides together. This reaction is catalysed by DNA polymerase and hydrogen binds form.
  4. A new DNA molecule is formed with 1 original strand and 1 new strand.

Biology - Biological Molecules (8 decks)

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