DNA and RNA Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribose nucleic acid
What does DNA do?
Stores genetic infomation
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic acid
What does RNA do?
Transfer genetic information from DNA ribosomes
What makes up a nucleotide?
Phosphate
Pentose sugar
Base
What is the pentose sugar and bases in DNA?
Pentose sugar: deoxyribose
Base: A,T,G,C
What is the pentose sugar and bases in RNA?
Pentose sugar: ribose
Base: A,U,G,C
Name the 3 types of RNA
Messenger
Ribosomal
Transfer
Describe messenger RNA
Single stranded copy of a gene, which is produced through transcription and translation
Describe ribosomal RNA
Part of transcription. Decides what the structure of ribosomes will look like and it is responsible for catalytic activity
Describe transfer RNA
Part of transcription. Transfers amino acids to ribosomes and reads mRNA. Tertiary structure and hydrogen bonds
What is a polynucleotide?
Polymer of nucleotides
How are nucleotides joined together?
Via a condensation reaction between phosphate and sugar (sugar-phosphate back bone)
What bond is formed when nucleotides join together?
Phosphodiester bonds
What is the name of the structure when 2 polypeptides join together?
Double helix structure (hydrogen bonding)