Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

What reaction joins monosaccharides together to form disaccharides?

A

Condensation reaction (releases water)

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2
Q

Name three monosaccharides

A

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

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3
Q

What bond is formed between 2 monosaccharides?

A

Glycosidic

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4
Q

Name 3 disaccharides and the monomers they are made from

A

Maltose = glucose + glucose
Sucrose = glucose + fructose
Fructose = glucose + galactose

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5
Q

What reaction breaks down disaccharides?

A

Hydrolysis (uses water)

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6
Q

What type of sugar is glucose and what are the two types?

A

Hexose sugar (6 carbon)
Alpha (H) and Beta (OH) glucose

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7
Q

What type of glucose is starch?

A

Alpha glucose

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8
Q

What are the two types of starch?

A

Amylose and Amylopectin

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9
Q

Explain the difference between amylose and amylopectin

A

Amylose: long, unbranched, coiled, compact, good for storage
Amylopectin: long, branched, side branches allow enzyme to break down molecule easily, quickly released

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10
Q

Why is starch good for storage?

A

It is insoluble in water which means that is doesn’t affect water potential. This means that water doesn’t enter via osmosis meaning that it does not swell.

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11
Q

What is glycogen?

A

Animals excess store of glucose

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12
Q

What type of glucose is glycogen?

A

Alpha glucose

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13
Q

Name features of glycogen

A

Insoluble (good storage molecule as no osmosis occurs)
Compact
Highly branched (stored glucose can be released quickly)

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14
Q

What type of glucose is cellulose?

A

Beta glucose

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15
Q

Name features of cellulose

A

Long
Unbranched
Chains are linked by hydrogen bonds to form microfibrils (structural support)

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16
Q

How would you test for a reducing sugar?

A

Benedict’s test
- add benedict’s reagent to a sample
- heat it in a water bath
- a positive test will result in a coloured precipitate

17
Q

How would you test for a non-reducing sugar?

A

Benedict’s test
- add dilute hydrochloric acid and heat it in water bath
- add sodium hydrogen carbonate to neutralise it
- carry out benedict’s test like you would for a reducing sugar
- positive test = coloured precipitate