Carbohydrates Flashcards
What reaction joins monosaccharides together to form disaccharides?
Condensation reaction (releases water)
Name three monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
What bond is formed between 2 monosaccharides?
Glycosidic
Name 3 disaccharides and the monomers they are made from
Maltose = glucose + glucose
Sucrose = glucose + fructose
Fructose = glucose + galactose
What reaction breaks down disaccharides?
Hydrolysis (uses water)
What type of sugar is glucose and what are the two types?
Hexose sugar (6 carbon)
Alpha (H) and Beta (OH) glucose
What type of glucose is starch?
Alpha glucose
What are the two types of starch?
Amylose and Amylopectin
Explain the difference between amylose and amylopectin
Amylose: long, unbranched, coiled, compact, good for storage
Amylopectin: long, branched, side branches allow enzyme to break down molecule easily, quickly released
Why is starch good for storage?
It is insoluble in water which means that is doesn’t affect water potential. This means that water doesn’t enter via osmosis meaning that it does not swell.
What is glycogen?
Animals excess store of glucose
What type of glucose is glycogen?
Alpha glucose
Name features of glycogen
Insoluble (good storage molecule as no osmosis occurs)
Compact
Highly branched (stored glucose can be released quickly)
What type of glucose is cellulose?
Beta glucose
Name features of cellulose
Long
Unbranched
Chains are linked by hydrogen bonds to form microfibrils (structural support)
