DNA and proteins

Question 1

what is the genome

Answer 1

the complete set of genetic information contained in the cells of an organism

Question 2

what is the proteome

Answer 2

the complete set of proteins that can be produced by a cell

Question 3

describe the structure of mRNA

Answer 3

a long single strand, it’s base sequence is complementary to the DNA it was transcribed from

Question 4

advantages of using mRNA rather than DNA in translation

Answer 4

1. shorter and contains uracil, breaks down faster so mo excess polypeptide forms
   2.single stranded and linear, ribosomes move along strand and tRNA binds to exposed bases
2. contains no introns

Question 5

describe the structure of tRNA

Answer 5

a single strand that is formed of around 80 nucleotides, folded over into a clover leaf shape.one end is an anticodon, the other end is an amino acid binding site

Question 6

what is produced by transcription

Answer 6

mRNA

Question 7

where does transcription take place

Answer 7

nucleus

Question 8

the process of transcription

Answer 8

DNA uncoils in two strands with exposed bases, one used as a template. free nucleotides line up to their complimentary bases and are joined together by RNA polymerase

Question 9

what happens to mRNA after transcription

Answer 9

in eukaryotic cells, pre-mRNA must be spliced to remove introns, leaving only the coding regions. then it moves out of the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome

Question 10

what is produced by translation

Answer 10

proteins

Question 11

where does translation take place

Answer 11

i’m the cytoplasm, on ribosomes

Question 12

the process of translation

Answer 12

1.the anti codon of tRNA attaches to the complimentary bases on the mRNA
2. amino acids bonded to tRNA form peptide bonds,continuing to create a polypeptide chain until a stop codon is reached
3.this process requires ATP