DNA and meiosis

Question 1

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 1

Reproduction involving only one adult cloning themselves (e.g. bacteria and some plants)

Question 2

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 2

Reproduction involving two adults

Question 3

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 3

Do not need to find a mate, faster reproductive cycle

Question 4

What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 4

No variation in the population, meaning they are more susceptible to disease

Question 5

Which process is involved in asexual reproduction?

Answer 5

mitosis

Question 6

What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 6

variation in the population, species can adapt to new environments and is less susceptible to disease

Question 7

What are the disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 7

slower than asexual, need to find a mate which takes time and energy. Some individuals may not find a mate

Question 8

Which process is involved in sexual reproduction?

Answer 8

Meiosis (and fertilization)

Question 9

Which types of cell are produced by meoisis?

Answer 9

Gametes (sperm and egg in humans)

Question 10

How many cells are produced during meiosis?

Answer 10

4

Question 11

How many times does a cell divide during meiosis?

Answer 11

twice

Question 12

Are the daughter cells produced by meiosis genetically different or genetically the same?

Answer 12

different

Question 13

What is the shape of DNA called?

Answer 13

Double helix

Question 14

which type of bonds hold the base pairs together in DNA?

Answer 14

Hydrogen bonds

Question 15

What is DNA made from

Answer 15

sugar, phosphate and nucleotide bases

Question 16

What are the 4 types of nucleotide base present in DNA?

Answer 16

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G)

Question 17

Which nucleotide base pairs with which?

Answer 17

A with T, C with G

Question 18

What is a gene?

Answer 18

A section of DNA which codes for a specific protein

Question 19

What is a genome?

Answer 19

All the DNA of an organism

Question 20

What is a haploid cell?

Answer 20

A cell with half the usual number of chromosomes (e.g. gametes)

Question 21

What is a diploid cell?

Answer 21

A cell with the usual number of chromosomes

Question 22

Are the cells produced by meiosis haploid or diploid?

Answer 22

haploid

Question 23

How many chromosomes are in a human body cell?

Answer 23

46 (23 pairs)

Question 24

How many chromosomes are in a human sperm cell?

Answer 24

23

Question 25

When extracting DNA from fruit, why does the fruit need to be mashed first?

Answer 25

To break down cell walls

Question 26

When extracting DNA from fruit, why is either an enzyme or washing up liquid added?

Answer 26

To break down the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane

Question 27

When extracting DNA from fruit, why does the mixture need to be filtered?

Answer 27

To remove insoluble substances so the DNA can be seen

Question 28

When extracting DNA from fruit, which chemical is used to precipitate the DNA?

Answer 28

ethanol

Question 29

What is a change in the sequence of bases in DNA called?

Answer 29

Mutation

Question 30

What was the purpose of the human genome project?

Answer 30

Sequence all the DNA in the human body, in order to have greater understanding of the function of many genes, and to offer treatments for genetic diseases