DNA and genes

Question 1

What is the difference between genes and chromosomes?

Answer 1

Chromosomes are DIVIDED into SECTIONS called GENES.
Each gene is DIFFERENT.

Question 2

What do genes do?

Answer 2

Carry the genetic information that cells need to build PARTICULAR PROTEINS.

Question 3

Describe the structure of DNA?

Answer 3

A POLYMER made up of REPEATING UNITS called NUCLEOTIDES.

Question 4

There are 4 DIFFERENT NUCLEOTIDES.
Describe the general concepts of nucleotides

Answer 4

1) Each nucleotides is made up of PHOSPHATES and DEOXYRIBOSE SUGARS (that form BACKBONE of the DNA STRANDS)
2) Each sugar joins to 4 DIFFERENT BASES (A,C,T,G)

Question 5

describe how the COMPLEMNTARY PAIRS of the BASES and how they form the structure DNA?

Answer 5

The bases attract bases from the other strand of DNA- due to HYDROGEN BONDS.
This forms the double helix DNA.

Question 6

State the complementary pairs:

Answer 6

ADENINE–THYMINE.
GUANINE–CYSTOSINE.

Question 7

Why does the DNA structure is described as DOUBLE HELIX?

Answer 7

The 2 strands made of DEOXYRIBOSE SUGARS and PHOSPHATES form SPIRALS due to being connected by the HYDROGEN BONDS between the COMPLEMENTARY BASES.

Question 8

What is used to fit DNA in the nucleus of the cells

Answer 8

HISTONES PROTEINS are used to wrap DNA MOLECULES.