dna and genes Flashcards
What is heredity and trait?
Heredity is the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring. Tait is each different form of a characteristics such as stem height, seed color. All those traits are transferred as genetic information from parents to the offspring.
Process of DNA
Nucleus -> Chromosomes -> Genes -> Segments of DNA
What does DNA stands for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is DNA?
DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid. Helical molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus. It has two strands so it is described as double helix. The two strands are linked by their bases.
What is chromosomes?
Chromosome are made up of many genes joined together like beads on a string. It is are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
The term of chromosomes comes from……
The term chromosome comes from the Greek words for color (chroma) and body (soma).
How are genes carried?
Genes are carried from parents to their offspring through chromosome.
Chromosomes exist in….
What causes a serious problem in the chromosome?
Chromosome exist in pairs, example grasshoppers 24 chromosome (12 pairs), human 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). Male (XY) and Female (XX). Changes in the number or structure of chromosomes in new cells may lead to serious problems. For example, in humans, one type of leukemia and some other cancers are caused by defective chromosomes made up of joined pieces of broken chromosomes.
What is genes and alleles (dominant and recessive)? Give example of the dominant and recessive allele (how to represent them)?
Genes is the factors that control a trait.
Alleles is official name for variants of genes. A dominant allele is one whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. A recessive allele is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present. Genetics use letter to represent alleles. A dominant is represented by a capital letter, a recessive is represented by lowercase version of the letter. Example: tall stem (TT), short stem (tt)
State the genetic code (genes and DNA)
DNA molecule is made up of four different nitrogen bases which are, Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C). Genes contains the information to code for one specific protein, made up of a series of bases in a row. The order of the nitrogen bases along a gene forms a genetic code that specifies what type of protein will be produced. These proteins and combination of proteins give us a unique phenotype.
Change this using the base pair formula: ATG-ACG-TAC-CGA-TCG-ATC
TAC - TGC - ATG - AGC - TAG
What is the function of DNA?
The function of DNA is for paternity, ancestry, de - extinction, and forensics.
