cell structure Flashcards
What is cells and state the cell theories
Cells are the basic unit of structure, and function in living things.
Cell theory:
- All living things are composed of cells
- Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
- All cells are produced by other cells
What are the 2 types of cells? State each meaning
Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic cell. Prokaryotic cell is a single - celled organism that has no nucleus or membrane bound organelles. Eukaryotic cell contain organelles surrounded by a membrane. Eukaryotic cell has most living organisms.
What is the difference between plants and animals cells? State each parts of a plant and animal cell.
Animal cell:
- Ribosomes
- Nucleus
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Golgi bodies
- Cytoplasm
- Mitochondria/Mitochondrion
- Vacuoles
- Lysosomes
- Cell membrane
Plant cell:
- Golgi vesicles
- Ribosomes
- Nucleus
- Nucleolus
- Smooth ER
- Rough ER
- Large central vacuole
- Amyloplast
- Cytoplasm
- Mitochondria/Mitochondrion
- Druse Crystal
- Raphide Crystal
- Golgi apparatus
- Vacuole Membrane
- Cell membrane
- Cell wall
What is a cell wall?
A cell wall is made up of cellulose and it is tough. It helps support and protect the cell.
What is a cell membrane?
A cell membrane is a thin layer surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. Outer membrane of cell that controls what substances comes into and out of the cell. It is a double layer, and for a cell to survive, cell membrane prevents harmful material from entering the cell.
What is a nuclear envelope?
The nuclear membrane allows substances to pass in and out of the nucleus through pores in the nuclear envelope. It surrounds the nucleus and protects the nucleus.
What is nucleus?
Holds a cell’s genes inside a nuclear membrane,
directs cell activities, separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane, and contains genetic material - DNA.
What is a nucleolus?
Nucleolus is where ribosomes are made.
What is chromatin?
Thin strands floating in the nucleus, and it contain genetic materials, the instructions for directing the cell’s functions.
What is chromosomes?
Chromosomes are inside the nucleus and are made of genes (DNA).
What is cytoplasm?
Cytoplasm is a gel-like fluid, surrounded by cell membrane. It is a medium where chemical reactions occur to form new substances with energy being released or stored.
What is mitochondria?
It is the“powerhouses” of the cell, convert energy in food molecules to energy the cells can use to carry out its function, the process is called aerobic respiration.
What is endoplasmic reticulum?
Endoplasmic reticulum carries proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface
What is ribosomes?
Ribosomes are attached to some surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum, small grainlike bodies, and they make proteins. They are found on ribosomes and floating throughout the cell.
What is Golgi bodies?
Golgi bodies receive protein and other newly formed materials from the ER, package them and distribute them to other parts of the cell.
