DNA and genes

Question 1

nucleotide

Answer 1

the smallest repeating unit of DNA

Question 2

complimentary base pairs

Answer 2

they are joined together by weak hydrogen bonds

Question 3

Adenine pairs with

Answer 3

Thymine

Question 4

Guanine pairs with

Answer 4

Cytosine

Question 5

base pairs

Answer 5

3 base pairs code for an amino acid

the order of the amino acids dictates what protein will be made

Question 6

alleles

Answer 6

differing forms of the same gene

Question 7

dominant

Answer 7

needs one upper case for characteristic to be expressed

Question 8

recessive

Answer 8

needs to lower case letters for characteristic to be expressed

Question 9

heterozygous - Bb

Answer 9

two different alleles

Question 10

genotype

Answer 10

alleles present

Question 11

phenotype

Answer 11

physical appearance

Question 12

insulin

Answer 12

a protein

regulates blood sugar levels -> picks up glucose in the blood and stores it

Question 13

haemoglobin

Answer 13

a protein

allows red blood cells to carry oxygen around the body

Question 14

fertilisation

Answer 14

the process where two gametes (the sperm and egg) fuse their DNA together to produce a zygote

Question 15

a gene

Answer 15

a section of DNA that controls a characteristic

Question 16

genome

Answer 16

the entire genetic material of an organism

Question 17

chromosomes

Answer 17

long molecules of DNA. we have 23 pairs in most human nuclei

Question 18

zygote

Answer 18

fertilised egg cell

Question 19

gamete

Answer 19

mature haploid sex cell (sperm and egg)

Question 20

variation

- continuous

Answer 20

line graph

can have any values between 2 extremes e.g height, weight, foot length

Question 21

variation

- discontinuous

Answer 21

bar chart

consists of specific values with nothing in between e.g blood type, shoe size, gender

Question 22

types of variation

Answer 22

environmental - language, scars

genetic - blood group

Question 23

gender chromosomes

Answer 23

male - XY

female - XX

Question 24

what is DNA

Answer 24

a double stranded polymer of nucleotides

form a double helix

Question 25

what is DNA made up of?

Answer 25

sugar
phosphate
complimentary base pairs

Question 26

what’s genetic variation:

Answer 26

variation in the genotypes of organisms due to the presence of different alleles

Question 27

what’s a mutation:

Answer 27

a random change to the base sequence in DNA

Question 28

three types of gene mutation:

Answer 28

insertion
deletion
substitution - least disruptive

Question 29

benefits of knowing your genome:

Answer 29

able to predict if you are likely to develop genetic conditions
exact medications - tailor make medications