DNA and Gel Electrophoresis

Question 1

What is DNA made of?

Answer 1

Nucleotides

Question 2

What are Nucleotides made of?

Answer 2

Phosphate, sugar, base

Question 3

What are the 4 different types of bases?

Nitrogenous Bases

Just letters

Answer 3

A, T, G, C

A pairs with T and G pairs with C

A+T, G+C

Question 4

A

Answer 4

Adenosine

Question 5

T

Answer 5

Thymine

Question 6

G

Answer 6

Guanine

Question 7

C

Answer 7

Cytosine

Question 8

What are the “rails” of the DNA ladder made up of?

The sides of a DNA ladder, not the actual steps

Answer 8

Sugar-Phosphate (backbones)

Question 9

What is the shape of DNA?

When in its natural twisted form

Answer 9

Double-Helix

Question 10

Allele

Answer 10

Alternative forms of a gene

At a specific location, loci, on the chromosome

Question 11

What does PCR stand for?

Answer 11

polymerase chain reaction

Question 12

What is the purpose of

PCR

Answer 12

Amplifies (copies) DNA prior to gel electrophoresis

This is because there is typically not enough DNA in a sample, so they have to duplicate it

Question 13

What is the purpose of

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 13

The DNA separates based on size, forming a DNA fingerprint that can be compared

Question 14

Why are there different sizes of DNA?

fragments of DNA

Answer 14

Enzymes cut specific parts of the DNA which digests it into fragments of different sizes

Question 15

What is the relative speed of

PCR

Answer 15

Can produce millions of copies of DNA in a couple of hours

From one double strand, it can continously copy the DNA exponentially

Question 16

What is a

DNA fingerprint

Answer 16

a unique banding pattern based of a person’s DNA. The more closely related the samples, the more similar the DNA banding patterns

Question 17

What is a

Ladder

A DNA ladder found in a gel

Answer 17

It is a DNA sample with fragments of known lengths, and it is used for reference, as it can be compared to the other DNA bands in the gel

Question 18

What does this mean

Bubbles

in the liquid buffer of a gel

Answer 18

It is proof that an electrical current is running

Question 19

What are

Wells

Answer 19

Wells are where samples are loaded

Question 20

Which side does DNA migrate from/to?

In the gel during electrophoresis

Answer 20

The DNA is negatively charged, so it migrates towards the positive end during electrophoresis

Question 21

What are

Restriction Enzymes

Answer 21

cut DNA at specific sequences- results in different sized DNA fragments that create a unique banding pattern

Question 22

The more closely related the people, the (———–) the DNA

(or species)

Answer 22

More Similar

Question 23

What can this process be used for?

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 23

Crime scene
Paternity
species relatedness

Question 23

This process produces…

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 23

produces a banding pattern that can be compared

the banding pattern is made up of DNA fragments