DNA and Biotechnology Flashcards
Which histone protein caps the nucleosome?
H1
Telemores and centromeres have high content of what nucleotides?
telomeres and centromeres have high G-C content
DNA topoisomerases introduce what type of supercoiling?
negative supercoiling
DNA helicase unwinding results in what type of supercoiling?
positive supercoiling
what polymerases do DNA synthesis in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
prokaryotes: Pol III
eukaryotes: Pol alpha, delta, epsilon
what proteins remove RNA primer on lagging strand in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
prokaryotes: Pol I
eukaryotes: RNase H
both are 5’ –> 3’ exonucleases
what proteins synthesize DNA after removing RNA primer on lagging strand in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
prokaryotes: Pol I
eukaryotes: Pol delta
which polymerase synthesizes mitochondrial DNA in eukaryotes?
Pol gamma
In proofreading, how does enzyme differentiate between parent strand and daughter strand?
level of methylation
parent strand has more methylation than daughter strand
thymine dimers are fixed through what DNA repair mechanism?
nucleotide excision repair
base mutations that don’t distort the helix much are fixed through what DNA repair mechanism?
base excision repair
what’s the difference between nucleotide excision repair and base excision repair?
nucleotide excision repair involves an excision endonuclease to remove the damaged DNA (one step),
but base excision repair requires removal of base with glycosylase enzyme and then removal of damaged DNA with AP endonuclease (two steps)
is the intron or the exon the coding region of DNA?
the exon is the coding region of DNA
in DNA gel electrophoresis, is agarose gel or polyacrylamide gel used?
agarose gel is used for DNA gel electrophoresis
protein gel electrophoresis used polyacrylamide gel
what is a chimera?
organism with patches of cells from two different lineages
