DNA

Question 1

found

Answer 1

• mainly in the nucleus

Question 2

forms

Answer 2

• chromosomes made up of the chromatin network

Question 3

chromatin

Answer 3

• DNA
• RNA
• histone proteins found in non-dividing cell

Question 4

extranuclear DNA

Answer 4

• found in mitochondria in plants and animals

- chloroplasts

Question 5

made up of

Answer 5

• 3 dimensional double helix
• polymer (long chain) made up of monomers (small units)
• nucleotides
• sugar molecule (deoxyribose)
• phosphate molecule (P)
• nitrogenous base (ATCG)

Question 6

helix

Answer 6

• two outer strands (alternating sugar / phosphate links - strong bonds)
• rungs (pairs of bases - weak hydrogen bonds)
• base pairs attached to sugar molecule

Question 7

base pairs classification

Answer 7

• purines and pyrimidines
• purines (two fused rings of nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen - G and A)
• pyrimidines ( one ring of similar atoms, smaller - T, C and U)
• always made of one purine and one pyrimidine

Question 8

differentiation

Answer 8

• caused by different sequences

- nucleotide base pair sequences

Question 9

role of DNA

Answer 9

• carry hereditary information
• blueprint for organisms growth and development
• can replicate

Question 10

non-coding DNA

Answer 10

• more than 98%
• called introns and interrupt exons (coding DNA)
• form functional RNA molecules (as opposed to being known as ‘evolutionary junk’ )

Question 11

extraction

Answer 11

• release as much DNA as possible
• minimise DNA degradation
• efficient