application of DNA technology

Question 1

DNA profiling

Answer 1

• extracting and identifying variable regions of DNA (repeating sequences of base-pairs)
• from that specific point DNA varies in other people
• 13-20 different sites on DNA molecules are investigated (to show individuals unique profile)
• scientists can use the sequences to generate DNA profiles ( from blood, bone, hair and body tissue)

Question 2

how is a profile made

Answer 2

• cells treated with chemicals to extract DNA
• restriction enzymes cut sequences to make fragments of different lengths
• polymerase chain reaction (PCR) makes large numbers of DNA
• DNA fragments are separated and detected using techniques such as electrophoresis
• DNA fingerprint if formed by forming different lengths of dark lines based on different numbers of base pair repeats
• DNA is non-reactive and chemically inert so subsequently can be recovered in long patches

Question 3

uses of DNA profiling

Answer 3

• forensics (investigate crime, due to DNA’s unique sequences in an individual, used as evidence, no suspect can be compared to national DNA profiles)
• Diagnosing inherited disorders (medical professionals with information, determine hereditary diseases, enables decisions)
• Identifying casualties (DNA fingerprints used to determine unrecognisable casualties)
• paternity testing (established paternity in custody of a child)
• fight illegal trading (the origin of timber)

Question 4

disadvantages

Answer 4

• violation of privacy (believed to be a violation of privacy because of it being stored, opens information)
• issues of accuracy (all depends on the competency of the equipment)
• manipulation (tampering, irresponsible handling and manipulation of data to lead to false information)