DNA

Question 1

Condon

Answer 1

Three-base code in DNA and RNA.

Question 2

DNA Polymerase

Answer 2

Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a new DNA molecule.

Question 3

Double-helix

Answer 3

Two strands of nucleotides twisted around each other in a ladder shape.

Question 4

Exon

Answer 4

the intervening coding sequence that remains from the final mRNA.

Question 5

Intron

Answer 5

the missing coding from the final mRNA.

Question 6

Messenger RNA

Answer 6

RNA that carries genetic info from DNA to guide protein synthesis.

Question 7

Nucleosome

Answer 7

DNA fibers coiled around histones.

Question 8

Okazaki Fragments

Answer 8

Short segments of DNA synthesized into 3 to 5 directions by DNA polymerase.

Question 9

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 9

RNA combine with proteins to form ribosome.

Question 10

RNA

Answer 10

Ribonucleic acid; guides protein synthesis.

Question 11

RNA Polymerase

Answer 11

Enzyme that regulates protein synthesis.

Question 12

Semiconservative Replication

Answer 12

When DNA molecules produce a parental DNA strand and a strand of new DNA.

Question 13

Transfer RNA

Answer 13

RNA with amino acids that bind to complementary bases.

Question 14

Translation

Answer 14

Process in which mRNA attaches to the ribosome and assembles proteins.

Question 15

what are smooth bacteria?

Answer 15

bacteria that have smooth edges and a sugar coat.

Question 16

what are rough bacteria?

Answer 16

bacteria that don’t have a sugar coat but has rough edges.

Question 17

what are chromosomes made out of?

Answer 17

DNA & proteins

Question 18

what can only change genetic materials?

Answer 18

DNA

Question 19

what is DNA made up of?

Answer 19

Two strands of nucleotides twisted around each other w/ rings

Question 20

why are rungs always the same length?

Answer 20

because purine always binds to a pyrimidine.

Question 21

where is DNA in prokaryotes?

Answer 21

in the cytoplasm

Question 22

where is DNA in eukaryotes?

Answer 22

in the nucleus

Question 23

Nucleosomes

Answer 23

tightly coiled DNA around the histones.

Question 24

histones

Answer 24

what DNA is wrapped around.

Question 25

purine base

Answer 25

double-ringed base

Question 26

what is the purine base?

Answer 26

adenine or guanine

Question 27

what is the pyrimidine base?

Answer 27

Thymine, cytosine, and uracil.

Question 28

pyrimidine base

Answer 28

single-ringed base

Question 29

what is protein synthesis?

Answer 29

a process in which cells make proteins?

Question 30

what are the steps of protein synthesis (in order)

Answer 30

1. transcription | 2. translation

Question 31

what is the central dogma?

Answer 31

where DNA codes RNA to make proteins.

Question 32

what is transcription?

Answer 32

the first step of protein synthesis. | when RNA polymerase connects DNA to RNA bases to form mRNA.

Question 33

Where does transcription occur?

Answer 33

in the nucleus of the cell

Question 34

what is translation?

Answer 34

the second step of protein synthesis. | proteins are made here.

Question 35

what is a point mutation?

Answer 35

1 amino acid change

Question 36

what is happens to codons after a point mutation insertion occurs?

Answer 36

all codons change after the point.

Question 37

what is happens to codons after a point mutation deletion occurs?

Answer 37

all codons change after the point.

Question 38

what is happens to codons after a point mutation substitution occurs?

Answer 38

only one letter of codon changes.

Question 39

what is a non-point mutation?

Answer 39

where more than 1 amino acid changes.

Question 40

what is an insertion non-point mutation?

Answer 40

where one codon is added.

Question 41

what is a deletion non-point mutation?

Answer 41

where one codon is deleted.