Cell

Question 1

A boundary between a cell and its environment

Answer 1

Plasma Membrane

Question 2

a molecule that has a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate-containing compound

Answer 2

Lipids

Question 3

a solution in which there is more water outside the cell than inside the cell

Answer 3

hypotonic solution

Question 4

a solution that causes a cell to swell

Answer 4

hypotonic solution

Question 5

a solution that causes a cell to shrivel

Answer 5

hypertonic solution

Question 6

a solution that causes water to move out of a cell

Answer 6

hypertonic solution

Question 7

a solution that has the same osmotic concentration as a cell’s cytoplasm

Answer 7

isotonic solution

Question 8

a solution that neither shrinks nor swells a cell

Answer 8

isotonic solution

Question 9

The movement of substance along the plasma membrane against the concentration gradient.
- requires ATP, or energy

Answer 9

Active transport

Question 10

The basic unit of an organism.

Answer 10

Cell

Question 11

What is the cell theory?

Answer 11

An idea that all living organisms have one or more cells.
cells are the basic structure and organization of living organisms.
cells only come from pre-existing cells.

Question 12

Cell wall

Answer 12

a stiff structure that surrounds the cell membrane to protect it and helps it keep the shape.

Question 13

Centriole

Answer 13

organelles made out of microtubules that function during cell division.

Question 14

Chloroplast

Answer 14

organelles that use photosynthesis.

Question 15

Cilium

Answer 15

a short, hair-like structure that surrounds the cell and helps it move.

Question 16

Cytoplasm

Answer 16

semifluid inside cells’ plasma membrane.

Question 17

Cytoskeleton

Answer 17

a framework of protein fibers for cells within the cytoplasm.

Question 18

Diffusion

Answer 18

A net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration place.

Question 19

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 19

In which particles continuously move but no change occurs.

Question 20

Endocytosis

Answer 20

When a cell surrounds a substance on the outside, enclosing it into a plasma membrane.

Question 21

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 21

a membrane system located inside eukaryotic cells where proteins and lipids combine together.

Question 22

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 22

an organism with organelles and a nucleus.

Question 23

Exocytosis

Answer 23

When substances are released from the materials inside the plasma membrane.

Question 24

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 24

Uses transport proteins to transport ions and small molecules throughout the plasma membrane.
- doesn’t require energy

Question 25

Flagellum

Answer 25

whip/tail-like structure that helps propel the cell forward.

Question 26

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 26

A plasma membrane with substances that can be in motion while inside the membrane.

Question 27

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 27

an organelle that modifies and package proteins

Question 28

Hypertonic solution

Answer 28

A solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside the cell than inside it.

Question 29

Hypotonic solution

Answer 29

A solution that has a lower concentration of solute compared to water.

Question 30

Isotonic solution

Answer 30

A solution that has the same concentration of solute and water.

Question 31

Lysosome

Answer 31

vesicles that contain worn-out organelles and food particles.

Question 32

Maintained by the plasma membrane

Answer 32

Homeostasis

Question 33

make up most of the molecules in the plasma membrane

Answer 33

phospholipid

Question 34

Mitochondrion

Answer 34

membrane-bounded organelles that turn fuel into energy for cells.

Question 35

move small molecules across the plasma membrane using transport proteins

Answer 35

facilitated diffusion

Question 36

help substances move across the plasma membrane

Answer 36

transport proteins

Question 37

Name the invention that helped scientists discover the cell.

Answer 37

microscope

Question 38

Name the type of microscope that uses a series of magnifying.

Answer 38

compound light

Question 39

Nucleolus

Answer 39

where the ribosome produces protein within the eukaryotic cell's nucleus

Question 40

Nucleus

Answer 40

the central organelle that has forms of the cell's DNA

Question 41

occurs when the plasma membrane surrounds a large substance outside the cell and moves it inside the cell

Answer 41

endocytosis

Question 42

occurs when the plasma membrane surrounds a larger substance inside the cell and moves it outside the cell

Answer 42

exocytosis

Question 43

occurs when substances move against the concentration gradient; requires energy and the aid of carrier proteins

Answer 43

active transport

Question 44

Organelles

Answer 44

Special structures that carry out the cell's function.

Question 45

Organisms that are either unicellular or multicellular

Answer 45

Eukaryote

Question 46

Organisms that break down molecules to generate energy

Answer 46

Both Prokaryote and Eukaryote

Question 47

Organisms that have cells containing organelles

Answer 47

Eukaryote

Question 48

Organisms that have cells lacking internal membrane-bound organelles

Answer 48

Prokaryote

Question 49

Organisms that have plasma membranes

Answer 49

Both Prokaryote and Eukaryote

Question 50

Organisms whose cells do not have nuclei

Answer 50

Prokaryote

Question 51

Osmosis

Answer 51

The diffusion of water throughout a certain plasma membrane.

Question 52

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 52

Two layers of phospholipid arranged from tail-to-tail. | - polar head; nonpolar tail

Question 53

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 53

a small unicellular organism that doesn't have organelles or a nucleus.

Question 54

Ribosomes

Answer 54

organelle that produces proteins

Question 55

Selective permeability

Answer 55

A membrane that allows some substances to enter and keep others out.

Question 56

Separates prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells from the watery environment in which they exist

Answer 56

Plasma Membrane

Question 57

The process of maintaining balance inside a cell

Answer 57

Homeostasis

Question 58

two layers of phospholipids arranged tail-to-tail

Answer 58

phospholipid bilayer

Question 59

Vacuole

Answer 59

a place to store food, enzymes, or anything else needed by the cell.

Question 60

The (a) ______________ includes the following three principles: All living organisms are composed of one or more (b)_________ . Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living (c) _____ Cells arise only from previously existing cells, with cells passing copies of their (d)_____ on to their (e) ______________ .

Answer 60

a) the cell theory b) cells c) organisms d) genetic material e) daughter cells

Question 61

true or false. | Cells are flat and often circular or oval in shape.

Answer 61

false