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Honors Biology > Cell > Flashcards

Cell Flashcards

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1
Q

A boundary between a cell and its environment

A

Plasma Membrane

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2
Q

a molecule that has a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate-containing compound

A

Lipids

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3
Q

a solution in which there is more water outside the cell than inside the cell

A

hypotonic solution

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4
Q

a solution that causes a cell to swell

A

hypotonic solution

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5
Q

a solution that causes a cell to shrivel

A

hypertonic solution

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6
Q

a solution that causes water to move out of a cell

A

hypertonic solution

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7
Q

a solution that has the same osmotic concentration as a cell’s cytoplasm

A

isotonic solution

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8
Q

a solution that neither shrinks nor swells a cell

A

isotonic solution

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9
Q

The movement of substance along the plasma membrane against the concentration gradient.
- requires ATP, or energy

A

Active transport

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10
Q

The basic unit of an organism.

A

Cell

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11
Q

What is the cell theory?

A

An idea that all living organisms have one or more cells.
cells are the basic structure and organization of living organisms.
cells only come from pre-existing cells.

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12
Q

Cell wall

A

a stiff structure that surrounds the cell membrane to protect it and helps it keep the shape.

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13
Q

Centriole

A

organelles made out of microtubules that function during cell division.

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14
Q

Chloroplast

A

organelles that use photosynthesis.

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15
Q

Cilium

A

a short, hair-like structure that surrounds the cell and helps it move.

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16
Q

Cytoplasm

A

semifluid inside cells’ plasma membrane.

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17
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

a framework of protein fibers for cells within the cytoplasm.

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18
Q

Diffusion

A

A net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration place.

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19
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

In which particles continuously move but no change occurs.

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20
Q

Endocytosis

A

When a cell surrounds a substance on the outside, enclosing it into a plasma membrane.

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21
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

a membrane system located inside eukaryotic cells where proteins and lipids combine together.

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22
Q

Eukaryotic Cell

A

an organism with organelles and a nucleus.

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23
Q

Exocytosis

A

When substances are released from the materials inside the plasma membrane.

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24
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Uses transport proteins to transport ions and small molecules throughout the plasma membrane.
- doesn’t require energy

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25
Q

Flagellum

A

whip/tail-like structure that helps propel the cell forward.

26
Q

Fluid mosaic model

A

A plasma membrane with substances that can be in motion while inside the membrane.

27
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

an organelle that modifies and package proteins

28
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

A solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside the cell than inside it.

29
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

A solution that has a lower concentration of solute compared to water.

30
Q

Isotonic solution

A

A solution that has the same concentration of solute and water.

31
Q

Lysosome

A

vesicles that contain worn-out organelles and food particles.

32
Q

Maintained by the plasma membrane

A

Homeostasis

33
Q

make up most of the molecules in the plasma membrane

A

phospholipid

34
Q

Mitochondrion

A

membrane-bounded organelles that turn fuel into energy for cells.

35
Q

move small molecules across the plasma membrane using transport proteins

A

facilitated diffusion

36
Q

help substances move across the plasma membrane

A

transport proteins

37
Q

Name the invention that helped scientists discover the cell.

A

microscope

38
Q

Name the type of microscope that uses a series of magnifying.

A

compound light

39
Q

Nucleolus

A

where the ribosome produces protein within the eukaryotic cell’s nucleus

40
Q

Nucleus

A

the central organelle that has forms of the cell’s DNA

41
Q

occurs when the plasma membrane surrounds a large substance outside the cell and moves it inside the cell

A

endocytosis

42
Q

occurs when the plasma membrane surrounds a larger substance inside the cell and moves it outside the cell

A

exocytosis

43
Q

occurs when substances move against the concentration gradient; requires energy and the aid of carrier proteins

A

active transport

44
Q

Organelles

A

Special structures that carry out the cell’s function.

45
Q

Organisms that are either unicellular or multicellular

A

Eukaryote

46
Q

Organisms that break down molecules to generate energy

A

Both Prokaryote and Eukaryote

47
Q

Organisms that have cells containing organelles

A

Eukaryote

48
Q

Organisms that have cells lacking internal membrane-bound organelles

A

Prokaryote

49
Q

Organisms that have plasma membranes

A

Both Prokaryote and Eukaryote

50
Q

Organisms whose cells do not have nuclei

A

Prokaryote

51
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water throughout a certain plasma membrane.

52
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

Two layers of phospholipid arranged from tail-to-tail.

- polar head; nonpolar tail

53
Q

Prokaryotic Cell

A

a small unicellular organism that doesn’t have organelles or a nucleus.

54
Q

Ribosomes

A

organelle that produces proteins

55
Q

Selective permeability

A

A membrane that allows some substances to enter and keep others out.

56
Q

Separates prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells from the watery environment in which they exist

A

Plasma Membrane

57
Q

The process of maintaining balance inside a cell

A

Homeostasis

58
Q

two layers of phospholipids arranged tail-to-tail

A

phospholipid bilayer

59
Q

Vacuole

A

a place to store food, enzymes, or anything else needed by the cell.

60
Q

The (a) ______________ includes the following three principles:

All living organisms are composed of one or more (b)_________ .

Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living
(c) _____

Cells arise only from previously existing cells, with cells passing copies of their
(d)_____ on to their (e) ______________ .

A

a) the cell theory
b) cells
c) organisms
d) genetic material
e) daughter cells

61
Q

true or false.

Cells are flat and often circular or oval in shape.

A

false

Honors Biology (4 decks)

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