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MCBG > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

1
Q

Heterochromatin

A

Solenoid fibre, tightly packaged DNA = GENES NOT EXPRESSED

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2
Q

Euchromatin

A

Beads on a string = GENES EXPRESSED

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3
Q

What is the difference between a nucleotide and nucleoside?

A

Both have sugar + base
Nucleotide has phosphate (DNA)

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4
Q

What is a purine?

A

2 rings
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)

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5
Q

What is a pyrimidine?

A

1 ring
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
Uracil (U) = in RNA

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6
Q

How many H-bonds in the G-C basepair?

A

3

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7
Q

How many H-bonds in the A-T or A-U basepair?

A

2

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8
Q

What enzymes are needed in the 3 stages of DNA replication?

A

Initiation = DNA polymerase (extend 3’ to 5’)+ primates (extend 5’ to 3’)
Elongation = helicase, lagging strand + Okazaki fragments
Termination = DNA ligase

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9
Q

What is senescence?

A

Permanent cell cycle arrest

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10
Q

Define homozygous

A

2 alleles of a gene are same

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11
Q

Define heterozygous

A

2 alleles of a gene are different

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12
Q

Define hemizygous

A

Only 1 alleles of a gene on X chromosome

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13
Q

What is the start codon in transcription?

A

AUG = Met

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14
Q

What are the stop codons in transcription?

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

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15
Q

What is the wobble position in translation?

A

A single tRNA anticodon can recognise multiple mRNA codons

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16
Q

What is a mutation?

A

Change of the nucleotide sequence

17
Q

What is a missense mutation?

A

Change AA, polypeptide or RNA

18
Q

What is a nonsense mutation?

A

Change polypeptide length (frameshift = insertion/deletion)

19
Q

What is a synonymous/silent mutation?

A

Change to 3rd base = no effect

20
Q

What is polyploidy?

A

Gain haploid set of chromosomes, 3n = 69

21
Q

What is aneupoloidy?

A

Loss or gain of whole chromosome due to non-disjunction in meiosis
Trisomies = Down syndrome, 47 + 21
Monosomies = Turner syndrome, 45 X

MCBG (3 decks)

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