DNA Flashcards

1
Q

What are nucleic acids?

A

Linear polymers of nucleotides

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2
Q

How many nucleotides are there?

A

5 A T G C and U

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3
Q

What structure does DNA adopt?

A

Complementary double helix -no 3D structure

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4
Q

What is the base sugar used in DNA? and RNA?

A

DNA uses deoxyribose and RNA uses ribose -the 2’H changes

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5
Q

What different types of bases are there?

A

2-purines (largest 2 cycles) and pyrimidines (smallest 1 cycle)

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6
Q

What is a nucleoside?

A

Its a nucleotide without a phosphate-just ribose and base

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7
Q

How is DNA organised when read? What is DNA primary sequence?

A

5’ to 3’, the other strand is going the other way (5’ end where 3’ end of the other)-the primary sequence is the sequence read 5’ to 3’

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8
Q

How are groups organised in the double helix?

A

they tun antiparallel, with the ribose sugars on the outside of the helix. The bases are flat and parrallel to one another. They have major and minor grooves

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9
Q

What kind of bonds libk the bases together?

A

Hydrogen bonds. 2 for A-T, 3 for C-G

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10
Q

What is the karyotype? Do E.coli have one? When can it been seen?

A

Karyotype is an ogrnaised profile of someones chrs (46). E coli only has 1 -no karyotype. Chr can be seen only during mitotic divison. during interphase, chr are less dense and cannot be seen

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11
Q

How is eukaryotic packaged?

A

Nucleosome-DNA around positive 8 histones that wrap DNA around it (2 turns)-also called beads on a string.
30nm fiber-Histones 1 sit between beads and pull DNA together.
Chromatin fiber-30nm chromatin is brought together again (700nm) and packed into chr

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