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Biology > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the difference between purine and pyrimidine?

A

Purine refers to there being 2 nitrogenous bases compared to pyrimidine having one nitrogenous base.

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2
Q

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

A

It has a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

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3
Q

What is the pentose sugar in DNA?

A

Deoxyribose

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4
Q

What is the pentose sugar in RNA?

A

Ribose

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5
Q

Name the bases that have a purine ring?

2

A

Adenine & Gaunine

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6
Q

Name the bases that have a Pyrimidine ring?

A

Cytosine, Uracil and Thymine

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7
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Triphophate

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8
Q

What is ATP composed of?

A

Base - Adenine
Sugar - Ribose
Three phosphate groups

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9
Q

What enzyme hydrolyses ATP?

A

ATPase

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10
Q

What happens when ATP is hydrolysed?

A

An inorganic ion and ADP form

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11
Q

How many kilojouls do 1 mole of ATP release?

A

30.6KJ

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12
Q

What reaction is it called when energy is released e.g when ATP is hydrolysed?

A

An exergonic reaction

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13
Q

How is the reaction reversable?

A

Because ADP can combine with an inorganic phosphate ion to form ATP and water

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14
Q

What is it called when a phosphate is added to ADP?

A

Phosphorylation

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15
Q

When ADP and an inorganic phosphate ion combine, there needs to be an input of energy. What is the reaction called?

A

Endergonic

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16
Q

Why is it important that energy e.g from glucose is released gradually?

A

Because too much heat can be released and wasted as heat, destroying cells

17
Q

Name five important roles of ATP?

A
  • Nerve Transmisson
  • Required for metabolic processes
  • Active transport (change shape of carrier proteins)
  • Secretion
  • Movement (muscle contraction)
18
Q

How is DNA composed?

A

Two polynucleotide strands, wound around eachother in a double helix

19
Q

What are the complementary base pairings?

A

Adenine with Thymine (2 Hydrogen Bonds)

Cytosine with Guanine (3 Hydrogen Bonds)

20
Q

Why is DNA antiparallel?

A

Because one strand is arranged in the opposite direction of the other

21
Q

Why is DNA such a good molecule?

4

A
  • The genetic information is protected by the “backbone”
  • The genetic information is stable and goes unchanged from generation to generation
  • A large molecule that can hold a lot of information
  • The stands are able to separate due to the hydrogen bonds

Biology (16 decks)

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