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Biology > Classification etc > Flashcards

Classification etc Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an autotrophic organism?

A

They make their own food from inorganic, raw materials e.g carbon dioxide and water

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2
Q

How do photoautotrophic organisms obtain energy?

A

They use light as the energy source and preform photosynthesis

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3
Q

What organisms are photoautotrophic?

2

A
  • Protoctista

- Some bacteria

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4
Q

The way that photoautotrophic organisms obtain nutrients is described as?

A

Holophytic

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5
Q

What do photoautrotrophic plants usually look like?

A

Green plants

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6
Q

How do Chemoautotrophic organisms obtain energy?

A

They use the energy from chemical reactions

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7
Q

What organisms are chemoautotrophic?

A

They’re all prokaryotes

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8
Q

What process do Chemoautotrophic organisms use to produce energy?

A

Chemosynthesis

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9
Q

True or False?

Chemosynthesis is less efficient than photosynthesis

A

True

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10
Q

How do heterotrophic obtain energy?

A

They consume complex organic molecules, produced by autotrophs

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11
Q

What are heterotrophic organisms also known as?

A

Consumers

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12
Q

If heterotrophic organisms are consumers, what does that make autotrophs?

A

Producers

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13
Q

What organisms are heterotrophic?

4

A
  • Animals
  • Fungi
  • Some Bacteria
  • Some Protoctista
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14
Q

What do heterotrophic organisms eat?

A

autotrophs or organisms that have, themselves eaten autotrophs

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15
Q

What organisms are seen as Saprotrophic?

2

A
  • All fungi

- Some bacteria

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16
Q

What do saprotrophs feed on?

A

Dead or decaying matter

17
Q

saprotrophs don’t have a specialised digestive system, so how do they digest their food?

A

They secrete enzymes onto food material, outside of the body for extracellular digestion.

18
Q

What enzymes are secreted in saprotrophs extracellular digestion

(4)

A
  • Proteases
  • Amylase
  • Lipases
  • Cellulases
19
Q

How do saprotrophs absorb the soluble products in digestion?

A

Across their membrane through active transport and diffusion

20
Q

Why are decomposers (saprotrophs) important?

2

A
  • Recycling nutrients such as Nitrogen

- Decaying leaf litter

21
Q

Give an example of a decomposer

A

Rhizopus (mould), found on rotting fruit

22
Q

How do parasitic organisms obtain nutrients?

A

They obtain it from another living organism, the host

23
Q

Where to endoparasites live while feeding on a host?

A

They live in the body of the host

Tapeworm

24
Q

Where to ectoparasites live while feeding on a host?

A

They live on the surface of the host

Head-lice

25
Q

Holozoic nutrition is used by many animals, but what does this mean?

A

They ingest food, digest it and egest the indigestible remains

26
Q

How is material digested in holozoic nutrition?

A

The food material is processed in the body, digested and absorbed into the body tissues, used by the cells

27
Q

What do herbivores eat?

A

Plant material

28
Q

What do carnivores eat?

A

Other animals

29
Q

What do omnivores eat?

A

Both plant and animals

30
Q

What do detritivores eat?

A

Dead or decaying material

31
Q

Give a protoctista that uses holozoic nutrition?

A

Amoeba

32
Q

How do Amoeba transport their nutrients across their membrane?

(3)

A
  • Diffusion
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Active transport
33
Q

How do Amoeba take in larger molecules/Microbes ?

A
  • Endocytosis
  • Into food vacuoles
  • Fuse with lysosomes
  • Digested by lysosomal enzymes
34
Q

How are the nutrients absorbed in Amoeba?

A

Absorbed into the cytoplasm

35
Q

What happens to indigestible material in Amoeba?

A

They are egested by exocytosis

Biology (16 decks)

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