DNA Flashcards
codon
three-base code in DNA or RNA
exons
in RNA processing, the coding sequence that remains in the final mRNA
gene regulation
ability of an organism to control which genes are transcribed in response to the environment
intron
in RNA processing, the intervening coding sequence missing from the final mRNA
mutagen
substance, such as a chemical, that causes mutations
mutation
permanent change in a cell’s DNA, ranging from changes in a singe base pair to deletions of large sections of chromosomes
messenger RNA
type of RNA that carries genetic info from DNA in nucleus to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
DNA polymerase
enzyme that catalyzes synethsis of new DNA molecules
RNA
ribonucleic acid; guides protein synthesis
RNA polymerase
enzyme that regulates RNA synthesis
semiconservative replication
method of DNA replication in which parental strands separate, act as templates, and produce molecules of DNA with one parental DNA strand and one new DNA
transfer RNA
type of RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosomes
translation
process by which mRNA attaches to the ribosomes and a protein is assembled
ribosomal RNA
type of RNA that associates with proteins to form ribosomes
operon
section of DNA containing genes for proteins required for a specific metabolic pathway-consists f an operator, promotor, regulatory gene and genes coding for proteins
