DNA

Question 1

Human DNA is __% identical.

Answer 1

99.5

Question 2

1871

Answer 2

DNA “discovered”, called nuclein

Question 3

1953

Answer 3

Watson and Crick define structure of DNA

Question 4

1986

Answer 4

PCR developed

Question 5

DNA is read __ bases at a time.

Answer 5

3

Question 6

__ billion cells make up one human.

Answer 6

3

Question 7

locus

Answer 7

location on a chromosome

Question 8

alleles

Answer 8

alternate forms of DNA at a specific locus

Question 9

gene pairs

Answer 9

pairs of alleles; linked and unlinked

Question 10

RFLPs

Answer 10

restriction fragment length polymorphisms: not really used anymore. requires large amount of DNA.

Question 11

STRs

Answer 11

short tandem repeats: most frequently used. 2, 3, 4 bases repeated.

Question 12

SNPs

Answer 12

single nucleotide polymorphisms: have a single base pair difference. SNPs are the future.

Question 13

CNVs

Answer 13

gene copy number variants: not unique ID, can change a physical property.

Question 14

Catalytic presumptive test

Answer 14

hemastix

Question 15

Confirmative (for blood not species) crystal tests

Answer 15

takayma, teichmann

Question 16

RSID test

Answer 16

confirmatory for blood and for species

Question 17

Acid Phosphatase (AP) test

Answer 17

presumptive for semen

Question 18

Microscopic examination

Answer 18

confirmatory for semen, must be intact (not dried) material.

Question 19

Antibody testing

Answer 19

presumptive for semen, unique to human seminal fluid

Question 20

Alpha amylase

Answer 20

found in human saliva. confirmatory.

Question 21

Dual polyclonal antibodies (RSID)

Answer 21

confirmatory for urine

Question 22

Break open cells to release DNA

Answer 22

1

Question 23

Purify DNA away from proteins and other compounds

Answer 23

2

Question 24

Test purified DNA

Answer 24

3

Question 25

Methods to break open most cells

Answer 25

mechanical, chemical, enzymatic, then keep very cold