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Biology 2 > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the cell nucleus contain

A

Chromosomes

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2
Q

What are chromosomes made of

A

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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3
Q

What shape is a strand of DNA

A

double stranded moleculed twisted into a spiral

Double Helix

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4
Q

What are the building units of DNA

A

nucleotides

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5
Q

Each nucleotide has a base - name the 4 bases

A

Guanine
Thymine
Adenine
Cytosine

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6
Q

What are the pair bonds between the 4 nucleotide bases

A

A & T

G & C

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7
Q

The DNA strands have sections- what are they called

A

Genes

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8
Q

What does a Gene make

A

proteins or part of proteins

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9
Q

There are 3 steps to extract DNA from a cell. What is step 1

A
  1. detergent or salt to break down the membrane of the call and release the chromosomes
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10
Q

There are 3 steps to extract DNA from a cell. What is step 2

A
  1. use a protein digesting enzyme to break down the protein in part of the chromosomes, releasing the DNA
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11
Q

There are 3 steps to extract DNA from a cell. What is step 3

A
  1. Add cold methanol, which precipitates the DNA (makes it come out of solution). The strands can now clearly be seen.
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12
Q

What is the name of of the arrangement where the 2 strands of a DNA molecule are joined together through their bases

A

Complementary base pairing

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13
Q

What type of bonds are used to joint the bases

A

weak hydrogen bonds

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14
Q

why is it important that the bonds between bases are weak

A

it is important for when they make proteins or when they divide to form new cells

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15
Q

Name the 2 scientists that discovered the arrangement of the atoms of DNA molecules

A

Rosalin Franklin

Maurice Williams

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16
Q

Name the year the that 2 scientists discovered the arrangement of the atoms of DNA molecules

A

1952

17
Q

What technique was used to discover the arrangement of the DNA molecules

A

X-ray crystallography

18
Q

Name the 2 scientists that proposed the shape of the DNA molecules as a double helix

A

James Watson

Francis Crick

19
Q

How was the structure of DNA discovered

A

Scientists building on each others work colaboratively

20
Q

In genetic code what is a sequence of 3 bases called

A

codon

21
Q

In genetic code what does a codon specify

A

an amino acid

22
Q

Does genetic code differ between living things

A

No - it works the same way in the cells of all living things

Biology 2 (6 decks)

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