DNA Flashcards
microbiology is:
the study of the interactions and regulation of various systems of a cell, including interactions bw DNA, RNA, and proteins
6 basics of life:
metabolism, growth, reproduction, genetic variation/evolution, response/adaptation to exterior environment, homeostasis
4 essential macromolecules for life
polypeptides (proteins when big enough), nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides
ribozymes
polypeptides as enzymes. they are important for metabolism, replication, etc. they act as structural proteins for cells.
central dogma of biology
the coded genetic information hard-wired into DNA is transcribed into individual transportable cassettes, composed of mRNA. each mRNA cassette contains the program for synthesis of a particular protein
DNA replicated into two copies. DNA transcribed into mRNA. RNA translated into proteins.
microbiologist’s tools
techniques used to measure and evaluate DNA, RNA, and proteins. microbiologist weigh and measure and compare the differences
DNA vs. Genes
we all have the same set f genes, but different DNA within the gene.
gene definition:
a locatable region of genomic sequence, corresponding to a unit of inheritance, which is associated with regulatory regions, transcribed regions, and/or other functional sequence regions
Is science fact?
no, it is hypothesis based
all cells in the body have the same DNA except…
red blood cells, gametes, cancer cells, T & B cells
how much DNA do humans share with one another?
~99%
DNA take homes:
small changes make a big difference/ most molecular materials are highly conserved
mutation cause:
changes in protein levels or function
allele:
“different flavors of genes”
why does elongation occur in the 5’-3’ directions?
elongation is a Sn2 attack, and the action can only occur down the bonds in the 5’-3’ direction.
