DNA Flashcards
The passing of genetic information from parent to child through the genes in sperm and egg cells.
HEREDITARY
A section of DNA that contain the set of instructions or hereditary traits.
GENE
Threadlike structures made of protein and a single molecule of DNA that serve to carry the genomic information from cell to cell.
CHROMOSOME
Long-chain polymeric molecules that is made up of monomers called nucleotides.
NUCLEIC ACID
2 TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACID
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID AND RIBONUCLEIC ACID
STRAND OF DNA
double stranded , double helix
STRAND OF RNA
single stranded
Sugar of DNA
DEOXYRIBOSE
Sugar of RNA
RIBOSE
NITROGENOUS BASE OF DNA
Adenine=Thymine, Cytosine=Guanine
NITROGENOUS BASE OF RNA
Adenine=Uracil, Cytosine=Guanine
Swiss chemist who first identified DNA in the late 1860s. He called it “nuclein” from the nuclei of white blood cells in pus from soiled bandages.
FRIEDRICH MIESCHER
Characterizes and names the compounds ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid, and a “tetranucleotide” structure of DNA.
PHOEBUS AARON LEVENE
Shows amounts of the bases Arginine and Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine are equal.
ERWIN CHARGAFF
Deduce DNA’s double helix conformation.
JAMES WATSON & FRANCIS CRICK
Nucleic acids are a long chain or polymer of repeating subunits, called
Nucleotides
Each nucleotide subunit is composed of three parts:
: 1. A five-carbon (pentose) sugar
2. A phosphate group
3. A base
- Gives DNA and RNA the property of:* Acid (a substance that releases an H+ ion or proton in solution) at physiological pH, hence the name “nucleic acid”.
PHOSPHATE GROUP
Organic molecules that contain nitrogen.* Crucial role in the structure of nucleotides. * Characterized by ring structures including both carbon and nitrogen atoms. :
NITROGENOUS BASES
NITROGENOUS BASE: double ring structure (Adenine & Guanine)*
PURINE
NITROGENOUS BASE: single ring structure (Cytosine, Thymine in DNA, Uracil in RNA)
Pyramidine
