BIOSAFETY AND BIO CONTAINMENT Flashcards
Any microbiological entity, cellular or non-cellular,
naturally occurring or engineered, capable of
replication or of transferring genetic material that may
be able to provoke infection, allergy, toxicity, or other
adverse effects in humans, animals, or plants
BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, prions, and protozoa
MICROORGANISMS
Produced by biological agents
TOXINS
Created through genetic
engineering
GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
Derived from humans, animals, or insects
CELL CULTURE
Such as animal dander, pollen, urine,
saliva, or sap
PRODUCTS OF BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
Used in research
ANIMALS, ARTHROPODS, PLANTS
Any material comprised of, containing, or that may contain biological
agents and/or their harmful products, such as toxins and allergens.
BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL
EXAMPLE BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL
- Blood
- Tissue
- Proteins
- Bacteria, viruses and fungi
- Toxins
Potential source of harm caused by biological
materials.
BIOHAZARD
Containment principles, technologies, and
implemented to practices unintentional
pathogens and toxins, or their unintentional
prevent exposure to release.
LABORATORY BIOSAFETY
PURPOSE OF LABORATORY SAFETY
Protect users
* Protect those outside the laboratory
* Protect the environment
*Institutional and personal security measures
designed to prevent the loss, theft, misuse,
diversion, or intentional release of pathogens
and toxins
LABORATORY BIOSECURITY
Protecting people from bad bugs.
BIOSAFETY
Protecting bad bugs from bad
people.
BIOSECURITY
principle of biosafety
- Practice and procedures
* Standard practices
* Special practices and considerations - Safety equipment
- Facility design and construction
- Increasing levels of protection
Most important concept/strict
adherence
Standard Microbiological Practices
Physical containment of highly pathogenic organisms or
agents usually by isolation in environmentally and
biologically secure cabinets or rooms to prevent accidental
infection of workers or release into the surrounding
community, especially during scientific research
BIO CONTAINMENT
control hazard at the source
PRIMARY BARRIER/CONTAINMENT
structure surrounding primary barrier
SECONDARY BARRIER/CONTAINMENT
Secondary barrier/engineering
controls
* Contributes to worker protection
* Protects outside the laboratory
FACILITY DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
Increasing levels of employee and
environmental protection
Biosafety Levels 1-4 (BSL)
Laboratory animal facilities
* Plant, GMO facilities
* Animal models that support research
Animal Biosafety Levels 1- 4 (ABSL) and
Agricultural (BSL-3-Ag)
Combination of laboratory practicesand
procedures, safety equipment (primary
barriers)and laboratory facilities (secondary
barriers)
BIOSAFETY LEVEL
other term for biosafety level
Containment Levels
Well characterized, non-pathogenic organisms or
agents
* Open bench - no containment
* Use good laboratory practices, waste disposal, and
aseptic techniques
BSL 1
Builds upon BSL-1
* Agents of moderate hazard to personnel or environment
* Examples: most non-respiratory, non lethal, agents
* Basic lab, but restricted access
* Containment during certain processes (i.e. aerosols, large volumes, etc.)
* Autoclave and Biological Safety Cabinet desired
* Use good laboratory practices, waste disposal, and aseptic techniques
BSL 2
Used to describe laboratories where work with microorganisms is conducted
in a BSL-2 laboratory with biosafety practices and procedures typically
found at BSL-3
* NOT a recognized containment level in biosafety guidance documents
BSL 2+
High containment
* Agents of high hazard to personnel or environment
* Agents that may cause serious or potentially lethal disease through the
inhalation route of exposure
* Clinical, diagnostic, teaching, research, or production facilities where
work is performed with indigenous or exotic agents
BSL 3
Maximum containment
* Dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high individual risk
of aerosol transmitted laboratory infections
* Total containment, airtight labs, “submarine” doors, air
pumps, water treatment, HEPA filtration, etc.
* Positive pressure “moonsuits”
BSL 4
Assignment of microorganisms into groups
based on:
* Pathogenicity of the organism
* Mode of transmission and host range
* Local availability of effective preventative
measures
* Local availability of effective treatment
* Pathogen Safety Data Sheets (PSDS)
RISK GROUP
are infections, either symptomatic or asymptomatic,
that are acquired through laboratory or laboratory-
related activities, as a result of working with infectious
agents
LABORATORY ACQUIRED INFECTION
was first used to clone DNA segments in bacterial hosts in
order to overexpress specific gene products for further
studies
Recombinant DNA Technology (Genetic Engineering)
