DNA

Question 1

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Label the five parts of the structure of DNA

Answer 1

1. sugar
2. phosphate
3. nitrogenous base
4. glycosidic bond
5. hydrogen bonds

Question 2

How is the building block of DNA called?

Answer 2

DNA nucleotide

Question 3

What shape is DNA in?

Answer 3

Double helix

Question 4

What is gene regulation?

Answer 4

The ability to turn on and off the genes

Question 5

What is DNA replication?

Answer 5

DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is duplicated to produce two identical DNA molecules, ensuring that genetic information is accurately passed on during cell division.

Question 6

What is the pairing rule of the four nitrogen bases?

Answer 6

A – T
C–G
(apples in the trees, cars in the garage)

Question 7

Helicase

Answer 7

Enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds. Unzips DNA

Question 8

Polymerase

Answer 8

Bonds everything like glue. Zips DNA

Question 9

What is mitosis?

Answer 9

The process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Question 10

What are chromosomes? How many do humans have?

Answer 10

DNA strands that have condensed. Humans 46 chromosomes

Question 11

What happens in Interphase?

Answer 11

Cells increase size, produces proteins and organelles, DNA replicates, chromosomes are formed

Question 12

What are the stages of mitosis?

Answer 12

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (P-MAT)

Question 13

What happens in prophase?

Answer 13

Nucleus disappears for chromosomes to move. DNA condenses

Question 14

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 14

Chromosomes line up in the middle (M = middle)

Question 15

What happens in anaphase?

Answer 15

Chromosomes break apart and move away from each other (A = apart)

Question 16

What happens in telophase?

Answer 16

Two nuclei are formed, chromosomes decondense (T = Two)

Question 17

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 17

Breaking of a big cell into two daughter cells

Question 18

What is meiosis?

Answer 18

A type of cellular division

Question 19

What are gametes?

Answer 19

sex cells

Question 20

Why is meiosis called a reproduction division?

Answer 20

Because it needs to produce half of the quantity of regular body cells

Question 21

What is a chromatid?

Answer 21

one of the two identical strands of a duplicated chromosome

Question 22

What is a homologous pair?

Answer 22

a set of two chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, that have the same genes arranged in the same order but may carry different alleles

Question 23

What is crossing over?

Answer 23

When in meiosis one chromosome exchange genes

Question 24

What happens in meiosis one?

Answer 24

Crossing over

Question 25

What happens in meiosis two?

Answer 25

two haploid daughter cells undergo a division process that separates sister chromatids, resulting in four genetically unique haploid gametes.

Question 26

What happens in meiosis' interphase?

Answer 26

DNA replication Organelle duplication Cell Growth 46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids

Question 27

Stages of meiosis

Answer 27

Interphase, Meiosis one, Meiosis two