DNA Flashcards
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Label the five parts of the structure of DNA
- sugar
- phosphate
- nitrogenous base
- glycosidic bond
- hydrogen bonds
How is the building block of DNA called?
DNA nucleotide
What shape is DNA in?
Double helix
What is gene regulation?
The ability to turn on and off the genes
What is DNA replication?
DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is duplicated to produce two identical DNA molecules, ensuring that genetic information is accurately passed on during cell division.
What is the pairing rule of the four nitrogen bases?
A – T
C–G
(apples in the trees, cars in the garage)
Helicase
Enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds. Unzips DNA
Polymerase
Bonds everything like glue. Zips DNA
What is mitosis?
The process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
What are chromosomes? How many do humans have?
DNA strands that have condensed. Humans 46 chromosomes
What happens in Interphase?
Cells increase size, produces proteins and organelles, DNA replicates, chromosomes are formed
What are the stages of mitosis?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (P-MAT)
What happens in prophase?
Nucleus disappears for chromosomes to move. DNA condenses
What happens in metaphase?
Chromosomes line up in the middle (M = middle)
What happens in anaphase?
Chromosomes break apart and move away from each other (A = apart)
What happens in telophase?
Two nuclei are formed, chromosomes decondense (T = Two)
What is cytokinesis?
Breaking of a big cell into two daughter cells
What is meiosis?
A type of cellular division
What are gametes?
sex cells
Why is meiosis called a reproduction division?
Because it needs to produce half of the quantity of regular body cells
What is a chromatid?
one of the two identical strands of a duplicated chromosome
What is a homologous pair?
a set of two chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, that have the same genes arranged in the same order but may carry different alleles
What is crossing over?
When in meiosis one chromosome exchange genes
What happens in meiosis one?
Crossing over
What happens in meiosis two?
two haploid daughter cells undergo a division process that separates sister chromatids, resulting in four genetically unique haploid gametes.
What happens in meiosis’ interphase?
DNA replication
Organelle duplication
Cell Growth
46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids
Stages of meiosis
Interphase, Meiosis one, Meiosis two
