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Biology > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

1
Q

https://www.canva.com/design/DAGZAxUozBY/xfGj2EfASInFwZBGUTS2og/edit
Label the five parts of the structure of DNA

A
  1. sugar
  2. phosphate
  3. nitrogenous base
  4. glycosidic bond
  5. hydrogen bonds
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2
Q

How is the building block of DNA called?

A

DNA nucleotide

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3
Q

What shape is DNA in?

A

Double helix

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4
Q

What is gene regulation?

A

The ability to turn on and off the genes

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5
Q

What is DNA replication?

A

DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is duplicated to produce two identical DNA molecules, ensuring that genetic information is accurately passed on during cell division.

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6
Q

What is the pairing rule of the four nitrogen bases?

A

A – T
C–G
(apples in the trees, cars in the garage)

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7
Q

Helicase

A

Enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds. Unzips DNA

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8
Q

Polymerase

A

Bonds everything like glue. Zips DNA

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9
Q

What is mitosis?

A

The process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

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10
Q

What are chromosomes? How many do humans have?

A

DNA strands that have condensed. Humans 46 chromosomes

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11
Q

What happens in Interphase?

A

Cells increase size, produces proteins and organelles, DNA replicates, chromosomes are formed

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12
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (P-MAT)

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13
Q

What happens in prophase?

A

Nucleus disappears for chromosomes to move. DNA condenses

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14
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

Chromosomes line up in the middle (M = middle)

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15
Q

What happens in anaphase?

A

Chromosomes break apart and move away from each other (A = apart)

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16
Q

What happens in telophase?

A

Two nuclei are formed, chromosomes decondense (T = Two)

17
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

Breaking of a big cell into two daughter cells

18
Q

What is meiosis?

A

A type of cellular division

19
Q

What are gametes?

A

sex cells

20
Q

Why is meiosis called a reproduction division?

A

Because it needs to produce half of the quantity of regular body cells

21
Q

What is a chromatid?

A

one of the two identical strands of a duplicated chromosome

22
Q

What is a homologous pair?

A

a set of two chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, that have the same genes arranged in the same order but may carry different alleles

23
Q

What is crossing over?

A

When in meiosis one chromosome exchange genes

24
Q

What happens in meiosis one?

A

Crossing over

25
Q

What happens in meiosis two?

A

two haploid daughter cells undergo a division process that separates sister chromatids, resulting in four genetically unique haploid gametes.

26
Q

What happens in meiosis’ interphase?

A

DNA replication
Organelle duplication
Cell Growth
46 chromosomes, 92 chromatids

27
Q

Stages of meiosis

A

Interphase, Meiosis one, Meiosis two

Biology (7 decks)

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