DNA

Question 1

What is the basic unit of DNA? How is it formed?

Answer 1

Nucleotide, made up of a sugar, phosphate and a base (A, T, C, G)

Question 2

What are the four bases in DNA?

Answer 2

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 3

True or False: DNA is double-stranded.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The two strands of DNA are held together by ______ bonds between the bases.

Answer 4

hydrogen

Question 5

What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

Answer 5

Double helix

Question 6

What does the term ‘complementary base pairing’ refer to?

Answer 6

The specific pairing of adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine.

Question 7

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Answer 7

To carry the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

Question 8

Which process involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

Answer 8

Transcription

Question 9

What is the primary function of ribosomes in the cell?

Answer 9

To synthesize proteins.

Question 10

During which process are amino acids assembled into proteins?

Answer 10

Translation

Question 11

True or False: Each amino acid is coded for by a sequence of three bases (called a _____)

Answer 11

Codon, True

Question 12

What are the two types of RNA involved in transcription and translation

Answer 12

mRNA, tRNA

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the sequence of ______ in a protein.

Answer 13

amino acids

Question 14

What is the function of tRNA?

Answer 14

To transport amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Question 15

What is a codon?

Answer 15

A sequence of three bases on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Question 16

True or False: DNA can leave the nucleus.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

What process occurs in the nucleus during protein synthesis?

Answer 17

Transcription

Question 18

What is transcription

Answer 18

In order to make proteins, DNA must be copied. mRNA (messenger RNA) is a single stranded copy of DNA.
1.The DNA is unzipped by breaking the hydrogen bonds between bases (helicase enzyme)
2. The RNA polymerase attaches to the now exposed DNA strand in a non coding region
3.Free RNA nucleotides now form hydrogen bonds with the bases (Thymine is replaced with Uracil), this is called a complementary copy)
4.The mRNA now leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosome

Question 19

What is Translation

Answer 19

1. The mRNA enter the ribosome and attaches
2. For every 3 bases (codon) there is one molecule of tRNA called the triplet code
3. Each molecule of tRNA brings one specific amino acid which are left behind after lining up with the mRNA
4. Used tRNA goes back collect another amino acid
5. Eventually, a long chain of hundreds of amino acids is created called a polypeptide
6. It is bent/folded into the right shape to become a protein

Question 20

What is a chromosome

Answer 20

A tightly coiled strand of DNA

Humans have 23 pairs

Question 21

What is a gene

Answer 21

A section of DNA that codes for one characteristic

Question 22

Put these in size order: nucleus, gene, nucleotide, chromosone

Answer 22

Nucleus, chromosome, gene, nucleuotide