DNA

Question 1

ribosome

Answer 1

made up of protein and RNA, the site of protein synthesis

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

control centre of the cell, carries chromosomes and DNA

Question 3

centriole

Answer 3

used to reproduce. releases long fibres called microtubules that split apart during cell divison

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 5

what is DNA

Answer 5

blueprint for controlling the characteristics of organisms

Question 6

DNA shape

Answer 6

double helix

Question 7

components of the polynucleotide chain

Answer 7

made up of two backbones of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate molecules. Between these two strands of sugar and phosphate lies a pair of nitrogenous bases.

Question 8

bases

Answer 8

Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine and Thymine.
The bases attach to the deoxyribose molecules and arrange themselves in base pairs

Question 9

base pairs

Answer 9

C - G, A - T

Question 10

nucleotide

Answer 10

structure that is composed of a deoxyribose, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. The DNA is made up of a long polymer of nucleotides.

Question 11

characteristics of organisms

Answer 11

determined by the sequence of base pairs

Question 12

controversy of the double helix discovery by Watson, Crick and Franklin

Answer 12

Franklin died in 1958 of an ovarian cancer after repeated exposure to X-ray in her laboratory.
Watson and Crick received the Nobel prize in 1962 for discovering the structure of the double helix and its role in heredity.
Rosalind was not given a medal since a Nobel prize can only be given to three recipients.
(Furthermore, the rule to award a Nobel prize posthumously was eliminated.)

Question 13

chromosome

Answer 13

A chromosome is a long chain of DNA. It is found inside the nucleus of a cell.

Question 14

where is DNA found in a chromosome

Answer 14

The DNA is wrapped or coiled around proteins known as histones which provides structural support. These proteins play a role whether certain characteristics are expressed or not.

Question 15

chromatin fibre

Answer 15

A chromosome is made up of a chromatin fibre which is a DNA strand wrapped around proteins molecules called histones to help with the packaging of the genetic material.

Question 16

karyotyping allows…

Answer 16

Determination of sex; Determination of species; Detection of any chromosomal defects.

Question 17

chromosome pairs in a human somatic cell

Answer 17

In a human cell except sex cells, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Out of 23 chromosomes, there are 1 pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of body chromosomes, also called autosomes.

Question 18

karyotyping

Answer 18

When we are looking at an individual’s chromosomes, they are usually classified and grouped according to shape and size.

Question 19

gene

Answer 19

sequence of DNA or section of a chromosome that codes for a protein that has a function inside or outside the cell.
Every person carries two copies of each gene, one from each parent.

Question 20

centromere

Answer 20

region where a chromosome and its copy are bound together.

Question 21

chromatid

Answer 21

single chromosome out of two identical copies- the result of chromosomal duplication.