mitosis and meiosis

Question 1

how is genetic information passed?

Answer 1

Genetic information passed on to offspring is from both parents by meiosis and fertilisation

Question 2

what is mitosis

Answer 2

a type of cell division that takes place in all body cells.

Question 3

how does mitosis work

Answer 3

A cell divides once to produce two daughter cells, which are genetically identical.

Question 4

what is meiosis

Answer 4

a type of cell division that is involved in the production of gametes or sex cells (sperm & ovum).

Question 5

where does meiosis take place

Answer 5

Meiosis takes place in the gonads only (primary sex organs eg. testes; ovaries, where gametes are produced)

Question 6

how does meiosis work

Answer 6

results in one cell producing four varied daughter cells which takes place during two cellular divisions. Daughter cells are haploid, meaning they possess only one set of chromosomes; i.e. half of the total number of chromosomes; half of 46 = 23.

Question 7

what is the purpose of mitosis

Answer 7

Mitosis enables cellulargrowth,repairandmaintenance

Question 8

what is the purpose of meiosis

Answer 8

meiosis enables
reproduction,therefore, the formation ofgametes.

Question 9

what is the genetic variation of mitosis cells

Answer 9

identical

Question 10

what is the genetic variation of meiosis cells

Answer 10

not identical and genetically varied

Question 11

what is a somatic cell

Answer 11

Body’s cells, excluding reproductive cells, they are diploid (2n). eg. muscle cells, skin cells, nerve cells, etc.

Question 12

what is a gamete

Answer 12

Reproductive cells, sperm and egg, they are haploid (n), forming a zygote with a full diploid set.

Question 13

how does fertilisation influence the offspring’s characteristics

Answer 13

We get 23 chromosomes from each parent. The male gamete (sperm) and the female ovm (egg) are both haploid cells meaning they have 23 chromosomes.
When the egg is fertilised by the sperm, it becomes a zygote because it has 46 chromosomes. The ovary and testicle is the primary site because it is where gamete is made.
This will result in offspring having characteristics from each parent.

Question 14

what are the human chromosomes made up of?

Answer 14

Human chromosomes = 46, autosome - 44, sex chromosome - 2

Question 15

How does crossing over during meiosis and random fusion of gametes give genetic variation

Answer 15

Crossover randomly shuffles the genetic information between homologous chromosomes by aligning, and will crossover/swap randomly.
This results in gametes (sperm and egg) with unique combinations of alleles, not just identical copies from one parent.

Question 16

3 ways for genetic variaiton

Answer 16

crossing over during meiosis, random assortment during meiosis, random fusion during fertilisation

Question 17

crossing over during meiosis

Answer 17

homologous chromosomes exchange alleles

Question 18

random assortment during meiosis

Answer 18

homologous chromosomes gets paired up and separated creating recombination of alleles. this means that not all maternal chromosomes are going to end up in the same gamete and that each gamete has a different combination

Question 19

random fusion during fertilisation

Answer 19

a male gamete and a female gamete combines creating a zygote, the process of the male gamete reaching to the female gamete is totally random, they all have an equal chance to fertilise the egg.