DNA Flashcards
Frederick Griffith
Smooth and rough bacteria
Virulent vs. non-virulent
Discovered transformation
Avery, Macleod, McCarty
1st evidence DNA is genetic material
Removed DNA to see effects
Hershey and Chase
Purpose: Determine if the protein coat or DNA core of a virus entered an infected cell
Found phosphorus -> DNA injected, DNA must be genetic material
Johann Miescher
Discovered DNA by dissolving it in digestive enzymes (coined nucleic acid)
Rosalind Franklin
Produced images of the DNA helix
PA Levene
Determined basic structure of DNA (was wrong though)
Erwin Chargaff
Corrected PA Levene and measured levels of each nitrogenous base (Chargaff’s rule: A=T G=C)
Watson and Crick
Discovered structure of DNA (double helix structure)
Meselson-Stahl experiment
Found complementary strands with semi-conservative replication
Beadle and Tatum
Discovered one gene codes for one enzyme (one gene, one polypeptide)
Genes regulate chemical activity
Frederick Sanger
Determined complete amino acid sequence of insulin
mRNA
Formed in nucleus in the gene
Transcription
Carries code for specific protein
tRNA
Picks up amino acids and carries to mRNA
Formed by DNA, found in cytoplasm
Clover leaf structure
rRNA
Ribosomal RNA
Glob shape
Helps translate message from mRNA
How many rings in purines?
Double-ringed
