DNA Flashcards

1
Q

Beskriv replikationsprocessen stegvis.

A
  1. DNA denatureras
  2. RNA-primas skapar en primer som fäster sig på templatsträngen.
  3. DNA-polymeras bygger, från RNA-primasen, nya nukletiodsträngar kompatibel med templatsträngarna.
    Från 5´-sidan mot 3´.
    Där templatsträngen löper parallelt bygger den i så kallade okazaki-fragment. (Lagging strand)
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2
Q

Beskriv transkriptionsprocessen stegvis.

A
  1. RNA-polymeras binder till DNA på genens promotor och lindar upp det.
  2. Genen transkriberas till mRNA från 5´till 3´.
  3. Stoppkodon stoppar transkriptionen.
  4. mRNA cappas.
  5. mRNA splicas, introner klipps bort.
  6. Polyadenylation sker. mRNA får en svans av adenin.
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3
Q

Beskriv translationsprocessen stegvis.

A
  1. mRNA transporteras till ribosom.
  2. Startkodoner bestämmer var translationen ska starta.
  3. tRNA binder till sin särskilda kodon.
  4. tRNA:s aminosyra byggs ihop till polypeptider av ribosomen.
  5. Stoppkodon avslutar translationen.
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4
Q

Which nitrogen bases are pyrimidin respectively puriner? What is the prime chemical difference between the two classes?

A

Pyrimidines are Tymin and cytosin (and uracil in RNA).
Purines are Adenin and Guanin.
The purines are bigger with two cyclical-structures while pyrimidines only has one.

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5
Q

What bond is used to bind nitrogen bases together? What are the binding parts of the nitrogenbases called?

A

Hydrogen-bonds. And hydrogen-bond acceptor and hydrogen-bond donator.

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6
Q

What does the DNA-doublehelix consist of?

A

Outside: polymers of deoxyribose-units bonded by phosphodiesther-bonds.
Inside: Nitrogen bases.

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7
Q

How does RNA differ from DNA?

A

It comprises of the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose. It has Uracil instead of Tymine.

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8
Q

Vad kallas den delen av DNA-kedjan som kodar för ett specifikt protein?

A

En gen.

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9
Q

What is the function of a promotor and where is it located?

A

It is located on the beginning of a gene and determines where and which way the RNA-polymeras should traverse and create mRNA.

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