DM2 Pt4-3 Other fungal diseases Flashcards
What type of infection is aspergillosis?
Aspergillosis is a sporadic mycosis that typically affects the nasal cavity and sinuses.
What are the two clinical forms of aspergillosis in cats?
The two forms are sinonasal aspergillosis and the more invasive sino-orbital aspergillosis.
How does aspergillosis differ between dogs and cats?
Nasal aspergillosis is relatively common in dogs, but aspergillosis is rare in cats.
What is the recommended treatment for aspergillosis in cats?
Treatment involves both local and systemic antifungal therapy.
What is sporotrichosis, and how is it transmitted?
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous fungal infection transmitted through traumatic inoculation of fungal conidia from plants and soil.
Which domestic species is most frequently infected with sporotrichosis?
Cats are the most frequently infected domestic species.
What are the common clinical signs of sporotrichosis in cats?
Multiple ulcerated nodules and draining tracts in the skin, lymphadenopathy, respiratory signs, and systemic dissemination.
How is sporotrichosis diagnosed?
Diagnosis is made through fungal detection by cytology or histology, with confirmation by culture.
What is the treatment for sporotrichosis in cats?
Treatment consists of at least 2 months of systemic antifungal therapy, with itraconazole as the first-choice agent.
What precautions should be taken to prevent zoonotic transmission of sporotrichosis?
Gloves should be worn when handling infected cats, and cats should be kept indoors in endemic areas to prevent infection.
What are phaeohyphomycosis and hyalohyphomycosis?
They are rare opportunistic fungal infections acquired from the environment.
What are the typical clinical signs of phaeohyphomycosis and hyalohyphomycosis in cats?
Single or multiple nodules or ulcerated plaques (which may be pigmented) in the skin, with possible dissemination or CNS involvement.
How are phaeohyphomycosis and hyalohyphomycosis diagnosed?
Diagnosis is based on fungal detection by cytology or histology, with culture for definitive diagnosis.
What is the recommended treatment for localized skin disease caused by these fungi?
Surgical excision followed by systemic antifungal therapy, with itraconazole as the first-choice agent.
What is the prognosis for cats with multiple lesions or systemic/neurological involvement?
The prognosis is guarded to poor, and relapses after treatment are common.
Is there a zoonotic risk associated with these infections?
No, there is no zoonotic risk from contact with infected cats.
Where is blastomycosis commonly found?
Blastomycosis is mainly found in North America.
Where is histoplasmosis endemic?
Histoplasmosis is endemic in the eastern US, Central and South America, and has been diagnosed in Japan and Europe.
Where is coccidioidomycosis endemic?
Coccidioidomycosis is endemic in the southwestern US, Central and South America.
How are these systemic fungal infections typically transmitted?
They are transmitted through inhalation of conidia or spores from the environment.
What clinical signs are associated with these fungal infections in cats?
A combination of respiratory, skin, eye, CNS, and bone signs, along with lymphadenopathy and systemic signs.
How are these fungal infections diagnosed?
Diagnosis is based on fungal detection by cytology or histology, with antibody detection supporting diagnosis in coccidioidomycosis.
What is the recommended treatment for histoplasmosis and blastomycosis?
Prolonged systemic antifungal therapy, with itraconazole as the first-choice agent.
Is there a zoonotic risk from these infections?
No, there is no zoonotic risk.
