DM Questions From The Endocrine Pancreas Lectures Flashcards
What does diabetes mellitus (DM) stand for and why?
“Flow” and “Sweet”
Patients urinate large volumes of sweet urine
What is type 1 diabetes also known as?
Insulin dependant DM
What % of diabetic patients have type 1?
10%
What is the pathological cause of type 1 DM?
Autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic B-cells which destroy’s bodies ability to make insulin = compromised ability to absorb glucose from blood
What can untreated type 1 DM lead to?
Complex changes and death
Treatment for type 1 DM?
Daily insulin injections
Why is insulin injected?
Peptide hormones cannot be taken orally
Why are type 1 diabetics in ketoacidosis?
Even though body has glucose in blood - it cannot use it so acts as if it is starving so uses FFA’s and ketones instead
But a lack of insulin depresses ketone body intake causing ketoacidosis
What is type 2 diabetes known as?
Non-insulin dependent DM
What is type 2 associated with?
Obesity
High fat and sugar diets
What is the pathology behind type 2?
Peripheral tissues like muscle and fat become insensitive to insulin leading to resistance
What is behind the insulin sensitivity?
Abnormal response from insulin receptors
Reduction in insulin receptor numbers
What happens to B-cells in type 2 ?
Remain normal and intact
May even be hyperinsulinaemia
Type 2 initial treatment?
Restore insulin sensitivity with exercise and diet changes
What treatment is used if lifestyle changes fails?
Oral hypoglycemic drugs - metformin is first line
