DM Patho Flashcards
Exocrine Definition
Secrets hormones and regulatory molecules into the digestive tract .
- secretes bicarbonate and digestive enzymes into the GI tract
Endocrine Definition
Secretes hormones into the blood.
- islets of langerhans
- multiple hormones secreted by different cell types
Alpha cells release
Glucagon
Beta cells release
Amylin & Insulin
Delta cells release
Somatostatin & Gastrin
Glucose=
The body’s primary and preferential source of energy
- building block of carbohydrates and more complex sugars
If blood glucose is too low there is…
Not enough fuel for cells to maintain normal function
If blood glucose is too high it…
Disrupts balance of energy storage and usage, and can cause damage to cells
Insulin Patho
- proteins released from pancreatic B cells
- secreted in response to nutrients, hormones, and neurotransmitter (glucose concentration, nutrient, is the primary stimulus for release)
-promotes the uptake and storage of glucose (inhibits hepatic glucose production, receptors on cells of the body allow for glucose uptake)
- required for glucose to enter cells with GLUT4 transporters (skeletal muscle, adipose, liver)
Unused glucose stored in muscle cells as
Glycogen
Unused glucose stored in adipose cell as
Triglyceride
Unused glucose stored in liver cell as
Glycogen
What happens to glucose once it is allowed inside a muscle cell?
It gets stored as glycogen
Beta cells of the pancreas secrete what?
Insulin & Amylin
Glucagon protein is released by
Pancreatic Alpha cells
