DLA10- Multi-System Infections, Schistosomiasis / Candidiasis

Question 1

Schistosomiasis:

• (1) alternate name
• (2) predominant species
• (3) type of organism
• (4) reservoir

Answer 1

1- ‘snail fever’

2- Schistosoma mansoni, S. hematobium, S. japonicum

3- Trematode, blood fluke

4- humans

Question 2

describe system affected by each main type of Schistosoma spp.

Answer 2

S. mansoni, S. japonicum: Intestinal

S. haematobium: urogenital

Question 3

Schistosoma spp.:

• (1) is infectious stage
• (2) is diagnostic stage
• (3) route of transmission

Answer 3

1- cercariae

2: Eggs
- S. mansoni, S. japonicum: feces
- S. haematobium: urine

3- skin contact with contaminated fresh water

Question 4

S. japonicum is usually found in (1) BV and drains into (2)

Answer 4

1- SMVs

2- small intestine

Question 5

S. mansoni is usually found in (1) BV and drains into (2)

Answer 5

1- SMVs

2- large intestine

Question 6

S. haematobium is usually found in (1) BV and drains into (2)

Answer 6

1- venous plexus of bladder (or rectal venules)

2- urine

Question 7

name the Schistosoma spp.:

• (1) resides in SMV, drains into SI
• (2) resides in SMV, drains into LI
• (3) resides in venous plexus of bladder and drains into urine

Answer 7

1- S. japonicum
2- S. mansoni
3- S. haematobium

Question 8

describe the main progression of all three main Schistosoma spp. in terms of clinical presentation, * the most invasice spp.

Answer 8

(*S. japonicum invasiveness > S.m., S.h.)

1) h/o water contact w/in hrs
2) Day 0-3, ‘swimmer’s itch’ at site of entry/penetration
3) Day 3-10, ‘Schistomular pneumonitis’

4) — all will have different progressions and clinical presentations

Question 9

describe Katayama fever

Answer 9

Acute schisto (S. japonicum, S. mansoni)

• last 3-8 wks
• hepatic perisinusoidal egg granulomas => portal HTN, hepatosplenic inflammation, liver fibrosis

Question 10

describe PPP for Schistosoma spp.

Answer 10

PPP- pre-patent period

• time it takes from infection before parasites can be seen in body (blood, feces)
• about 5wks for Schistosoma spp.

Question 11

Urogenital Schistosomiasis:

• (1) S. spp.
• (2) shared Sxs, with inc risk of (3)
• (4) male Sxs
• (5) female Sxs

Answer 11

1- S. haematobium

2- hematuria, bladder/ureter fibrosis + kidney damage in advanced cases
3- bladder cancer

4- possibly infertility if it affects sex organs
5- genital lesions, vaginal bleeding, dyspareunia (pain with sex), vulvular nodules

Question 12

describe primary method of diagnosis for the main three Schistosoma spp. and indicate results

Answer 12

Eggs in urine or feces

• S. japonicum: rounded spine
• S. mansoni: lateral spine
• S. haematobium: terminal spine

Question 13

name the Schistosoma spp.

• (1) lateral spine
• (2) rounded spine
• (3) terminal spine

Answer 13

1- S. mansoni

2- S. japonicum

3- S. haematobium

Question 14

______ is the unique Candida spp. w/o psuedohyphae, virulence factors- describe its predominant setting

Answer 14

candida auris:

• hospital acquired, drug-resistant strain
• difficult to treat and diagnose

Question 15

Candidiasis:

• (1) types
• (2) most affected Pts

Answer 15

1:

• oropharyngeal, esophageal candidiasis
• genital, vulvovaginal candidiasis
• invasive candidiasis (candidemia)

2- diabetics, long-term antibiotic use or corticosteroid use, immuno-compromised (HIV-AIDS, cancer)

Question 16

______ is used to diagnose Candida spp. infections

Answer 16

• MALDI-TOF
• ITS sequencing
• CHROMagar medium