DKA vs HHS

Question 1

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
- which diabetes?

Answer 1

Type 1

• absolute insulin deficient
• ⇡ serum ketone
• acid/base balance == metabolic acidosis
• quick presentation

↓ ⇡

Question 2

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
- caused by?

Answer 2

• illness, infection, trauma
• new onset diabetes
• inadequate insulin dosage
• noncompliant w/insulin

Question 3

Treatment of DKA

Answer 3

1. IV fluid replacement (isotonic or hypotonic)
2. Electrolyte replacement (K+, Mg+, Phosphate)
3. Insulin therapy (regular insulin via IV)
4. Sodium bicarbonate therapy (for severe acidosis [<7]

Question 4

S/Sx of DKA

Answer 4

• FVD (hypovolemia)
• change in mental status: confusion, lack of concentration
• ⇡HR
• ⇡RR
• ↓ BP
• Kussmaul’s breathing (fruity smell on breath)
• polyuria (w/glycosuria)