DKA and HHS Flashcards
1
Q
What makes up the DKA Triad?
A
- Uncontrolled hyperglycemia
- Metabolic acidosis
- Ketosis
2
Q
Describe the pathogenesis of DKA.
A
- Insulin deficiency
- Lipolysis
- Free fatty acids
- Ketones
- Acidosis
3
Q
What makes up the HHS Triad?
A
- Uncontrolled hyperglycemia
- Neurologic abnormalities
- No ketosis
4
Q
Describe the pathogenesis of HHS.
A
- Relative insulin deficiency
- Cells prevent lipolysis and ketogenesis
- Severe dehydration
- Hyperosmolarity
5
Q
Explain how dehydration occurs in HHS.
A
- Hyperglycemia
- Glucosuria
- Osmotic diuresis (volume depletion, dehydration, electrolyte disturbances)
6
Q
What patient population does DKA typically affect?
A
Younger, T1DM patients
7
Q
Do DKA patients experience hyperosmolality?
A
No
8
Q
Describe the onset of DKA.
A
Develops rapidly and lasts 24 hours
9
Q
Does DKA have a high mortality rate?
A
Not really; 1-5%
10
Q
What patient population does HHS typically affect?
A
Patients older than 65 with T2DM.
11
Q
Do HHS patients experience any acidosis or ketosis?
A
No
12
Q
Do HHS patients experience hyperosmolality?
A
Yes
13
Q
Describe the onset of HHS.
A
Develops over several days
14
Q
Does HHS have a high mortality rate?
A
Decent; 5-20%
15
Q
List the precipitating factors of HHS and DKA.
A
- Infection (pneumonia, UTI, sepsis)
- Discontinued or inadequate insulin therapy
- Pancreatitis
- CV disease (usually MI)
- Drugs (corticosteroids, thiazides, sympathomimetics, antipsychotics, pentamidine, SGLT2 inhibitors)
- Excessive alcohol intake
- Eating disorders
