DKA Flashcards
what is DKA
blood turns acidic due to too many keatones from lack of insulin
3 clinical features of DKA
hyperglycemia, dehydration and electrolyte loss, acidosis
severe DKA
lose 6.5 L of water and 400-500 mmol/L of Na, K, Cl
3 main causes of DKA
decreased insulin doses, illness or infection, undiagnosed diabetes
BG in DKA
16.6- 44.4
manifestations of DKA
polydip, polyphagia, polyuria, blurred vision, ortho hypotension, acetone breath, hyperventilation, diaphoresis
management of DKA
fluid resuscitation ( NS 1L/hr for 2-3 hrs)
avoidance of hypocalcemia (ECG)
insulin admin
target CBG for non-critically ill
5-10
CBG for critically ill pts
6-10
CBG for frail elderly
5-12
risk for DKA
type 1 diabetes, young, non white, female, infection
what is ketosis from
break down of fat and protein for energy instead of glucose
lab values in DKA (pH and bicarb)
blood pH <7.35
bicarbonate <15 mmol/L
potassium and insulin
rehydration decreases K but insulin enhances movement of K from extracellular in to intercellular