Dka Flashcards
What is diabetic ketoacidosis?
A serious complication of diabetes characterized by high blood sugar, ketones in the urine, and metabolic acidosis.
True or False: Diabetic ketoacidosis primarily occurs in type 2 diabetes.
False
What are the primary causes of diabetic ketoacidosis?
Insulin deficiency, infection, stress, and inadequate diabetes management.
Fill in the blank: DKA is most commonly associated with __________ diabetes.
Type 1
What are common symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis?
Excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea, abdominal pain, weakness, and confusion.
How is diabetic ketoacidosis diagnosed?
Through blood tests showing high glucose levels, ketones in the blood or urine, and acidosis.
What is the typical blood glucose level in DKA?
Usually greater than 250 mg/dL.
True or False: DKA can lead to coma or death if not treated promptly.
True
What is the primary treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis?
Administering insulin and intravenous fluids.
What electrolyte imbalance is commonly seen in DKA?
Hypokalemia (low potassium levels).
What is the role of insulin in treating DKA?
To reduce blood glucose levels and suppress ketone production.
Fill in the blank: The presence of __________ indicates acidosis in DKA.
Metabolic acidosis
What is the anion gap in DKA typically?
Increased, usually greater than 12 mEq/L.
What type of fluid replacement is often administered in DKA?
Isotonic saline (0.9% sodium chloride).
True or False: DKA can occur during periods of fasting or illness.
True
What is the significance of ketones in DKA?
They indicate that the body is using fat for energy due to lack of insulin.
What is the target blood glucose reduction rate during DKA treatment?
No more than 100 mg/dL per hour.
What can trigger diabetic ketoacidosis?
Infections, missed insulin doses, or newly diagnosed diabetes.
What is the most important initial step in managing DKA?
Administering intravenous fluids.
What is the potential long-term complication of recurrent DKA episodes?
Diabetes-related complications such as neuropathy and nephropathy.
Fill in the blank: DKA is characterized by a triad of __________, __________, and __________.
Hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and acidosis.
How often should blood glucose be monitored in a patient with DKA?
Every 1-2 hours until stable.
What is a common mental status change seen in DKA?
Confusion or lethargy.
What are some preventive measures for DKA?
Regular blood glucose monitoring, proper insulin use, and managing illness effectively.
